Quiz: Bio — AUA MCQ

444. About the energy balance:

A (A) In normal adults, the energy intake is greater than the energy output. B B) During growth, the energy intake is equal to the energy output. C (C) With a negative energy balance, there is loss of the body weight. D (D) In obesity, there is increased protein content of the body.

445. Most of the energy released from catabolic processes

A (A) Appears as thermal (heat) energy. B (B) Is stored as high energy phosphate bonds. C (C) Is used by the kidneys to perform osmotic work. D (D) Is used for building new protoplasm.

446. The physical heat value of

A (A) Food is measured by the respirometer B (B) Carbohydrate is equal to its physiological heat value. C (C) Protein is 9.3 Kcal/gm. D (D) Fat is 5.3 Kcal/gm.

447. The metabolism of 10 gm protein inside the body would produce

A (A) 53 Kcal. B (B) 93 Kcal. C (C) 410 Kcal D (D) 41 Kcal.

448. A respiratory quotient above one occurs in all the following cases except:

A Hyperventilation. ( B (C) Fevers and acidosis. C (B) Muscular exercise D (E) Gluconeogenesis using fat as a substrate to be converted into glucose

449 . The respiratory quotient (RO):

A (A) Is the ratio of the volume of O₂ consumed to that of CO, produced. B (B) Rises in the second week of starvation. C (C) Is 0.7 when glucose is the metabolized substrate. D (D) Is about 1 in the brain.

450. The excess R.():

A (A) Is the R.Q. determined during sleep. B (B) Indicates the fuel used during a certain exercise. C (C) Determination requires estimation of the O, consumption and CO, production during the recovery period only. D (D) is about 1 in a prolonged exercise and 0.7 in short exercises.

451. About the BMR, all the following is true except:

A (A) It is expressed in Kcal/square meter/hour. B (B) Normally, it is about 40 Kcal in young adult males. C (C) It represents the energy expenditure needed for activity of the vital organs. D It is measured immediately after dinner at an atmospheric temp. about 10 "C

452. The energy equivalent of exeren is:

A (A) The amount of heat (Kcal) produced when one litre of O, is consumed. B (B) Used for estimation of the metabolic rate by direct calorimetry. C (C) About 5 Kcal /L in case of fats and 4.7 Kcal /L. in case of carbohydrates D (D) About 4.8 Kcal /L. in case of proteins and 4.6 Kcal /L in the post-absorptive state.

453. About the exegen deht, all the following is true except:

A (A) It occurs due to an inadequate supply of O, to the muscles during exercise. B (B) It is paid during the postexercise recovery period C (C) It is used for oxidation of lactic acid and resynthesis of ATP and CP. D (E) The time required to pay an O, debt is related to the duration of the exercise

454. About the specific dynamic action (NDA), all the following is true excep

A (A) It is an increase in the metabolic rate after food intake. B (B) The SDA of proteins is about 30% and is due mainly to its metabolism in the liver. ( C C) It is generally due to the work done during digestion and absorption of food. D D) Normally, it is about 6% for carbohydrates and 4% for fats.

455. Он ехпозure to colla

A (A) The muscle tone increases and shivering may occur. B (B) There is excessive secretion of catecholamines. C (C) The sympathetic N.S. is activated causing cutaneous V.C. and piloerection. D ) All of the above.

456. The only heat loss mechanism that can occur in all environmental temperatures is

A Radiation. B Evaporation C Conduction. D Convection.

457. At an environmental temperature 38°C and humidity 20%, heat loss occurs by

A Conduction. B Radiation. C Convection. D Evaporation.

458. When the body atmospheric temp, heat loss occurs by:

A (A) Radiation. temp, is lower than the B (B) Conduction. C Convection. D (D) None of the above

459 . When the atmospheric temp. is 15 °C, hent loss occurs hy:

A (A) Radiation and conduction. B (B) Increased urination and defecation. C (C) Evaporation of sweat. D (D) Increased respiration.

460. On exposure to a hot humid atmosphere:

A (A) Sweat secretion is inhibited. B (B) V.D. occurs in the skin blood vessels. C (C) Sweat evaporation increases. D (D) Na' is retained in the body.

461. Heat stroke (hyperthermia) is primarily caused by

A (A) Excessive heat gain by conduction. B (B) Excessive heat production in the body. C (C) Inability to evaporate sweat due to excessive humidity. D (D) Inability to lose heat by radiation and other non-evaporative mechanisms.

462. Elevation of the body temperature to dangerous levels thypersia)

A (A) Is often produced as a result of excessive heat production. B (B) Is mainly due to irregularity of the central thermoregulatory mechanisms and development of vicious circles. C (C) Is fatal if the body temperature rises 3 °C above the normal set point. D (D) Leads to death mainly due to renal failure and liver damage.

463. About the sweat glands

A (A) They are 5 types. B (B) The apocrine glands are responsible for temperature regulation. C (C) The eccrine glands secrete a hypertonic solution. D (E) The secretion of th the eccrine glands can be blocked by atropine.

464. About the endogenoux pyrogen, all the following is true except

A (A) It is a protein produced by monocytes and macrophages that causes fever. B B) It is released by the effect of endotoxins released from pathogenic bacteria. C (C) It resets the hypothalamic thermostat to a higher set point than normal. D (D) It acts by increasing the local release of histamine in the hypothalamus

405. Which of the following statements is wrong?

A (A) The endogenous pyrogen causes fever accompanied by a subjective cold sensation. B B) Aspirin produces an antipyretic effect by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis. C (C) Fever is sometimes beneficial. D (E) Hyperpyrexia is dangerous because it leads to heart failure.

466. Concerning sweat, all the following is true except

A (A) The sweat secretion centre is located in the anterior hypothalamic nuclei B (B) Its secretion starts at an atmospheric temperature of about 32 -34 °C. C (C) It is an effective evaporative heat loss mechanism. D (D) Its evaporation occurs only in humid climates.

467. All the following statements are true except:

A (A) In the comfortable zone of environmental temp., the body temp. is kept constant only by the non-evaporative heat loss mechanisms. B (B) Miner's cramps can be treated by giving salt tablets. C (C) The heat-loss centre is located in the anterior hypothalamic nuclei and it produces temp. antirise responses mainly via physical processes. D (E) The heat-loss centre is stimulated in cold weather while the heat-gain centre is stimulated in hot weather.

468. About the body temperature:

A (A) Its regulation is given the priority in homeostasis. B (B) In very hot environnments, it can be efficiently unaltered by wetting the skin by cold water. C (C) Evaporation of one ml of sweat leads to heat loss of about 0.6 Kcal. D (E) All of the above are true.

469. After several hours of fasting

A (B) The brain metabolism is decreased by 30-50% B (C) Fainting usually occurs C (D) The blood glucagon and cortisol levels are elevated. D (E) None of the above

470. Ingestion of protein meals

A (A) Causes a marked increase in the metabolic rate. B (B) Is preferable in hot climates. C (C) Leads to decreased urea formation in the liver. D (D) Decreases the synthesis of essential amino acids in the liver.

471. After one week of starvation:

A (A) The respiratory quotient becomes about 1. B (B) The blood glucose level is much decreased below the fasting level. C (C) The urine contains an excessive amount of NH, and its pH drops. D D) The main source of energy is the liver glycogen.

472. It is false that during starvation:

A (A) The blood glucose level remains constant at the fasting level. B (B) There is lipuemia and ketosis. C (C) The plasma protein concentration decreases. D (E) The blood volume remains constant

473. During starvation:

A (A) The body gets energy first from carbohydrates then from fat and finally from proteins. B (B) Protein catabolism is unavoidable from the start. C (C) The blood levels of most electrolytes remain fairly constant. D (F) All of the above is true.

474. About obesity, all the following is true except:

A (A) It is the commonest nutritional disorder. B (B) It is associated with a fall in the body's specific gravity. C (C) It is produced by deposition of excess protein in the body. D (D) It occurs as a result of +ve energy balance often due to hyperphagia.

475. Concerning the appetite, all the following is true except:

A (A) It is affected by certain hypothalamic areas. B (B) It is completely lost after gastrectomy. C (C) It is reduced if the stomach is over distended. D (D) It increases as the blood glucose level falls.

476. Which of the following statements is true?

A (A) The metabolic rate can be estimated if the R.Q. and O, consumption are known. B (B) One gram of protein gives the same amount of energy whether it is oxidized in a bomb calorimeter or metabolized inside the body. C (C) The specific dynamic action persists for about 2 days after food ingestion. D (D) The nitrogen balance is more negative in early than in late starvation.

477. Which of the following statements about obesity is wrong?

A (A) Obesity may be hypertrophic or hyperplastic-hypertrophic. B (B) Some cases of obesity are due to resetting of the hypothalamic appestat to a higher level than normal. C (C) Obesity is present when more than 20% of the body weight is due to fat in males and more than 25% in females. ( D (F) Amphetamine is not useful in its treatment since it increases the appetite.

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