Quiz: Physiology

The following reflexes are all autonomic Except:

A a. Salivary secretion. B b. Micturition. C c. Flexion of the arm following a painful stimulus. D d. Acceleration of the heart.

What is the autonomic nervous system?

A Part of the central nervous system independent of the will. B The efferent pathway to the viscera (all fibres connecting the CNS to glands, smooth muscles and heart). C All efferent fibres in the body except those to smooth muscle. D Afferent (sensory) fibres from the bone

The two major division of the autonomic system are the sympathetic and parasympathetic. Where do parasympathetic fibres originate?

A The thoraco-lumbar spinal region. B The cranial and sacral regions.

Adult spinal cord often terminates inferiorly at the vertebral level of:

A T 12. B L 1-2. C L 2-3. D L3-4.

Dendrites:

A a. Present in neurolgial cells. B May contribute to the formation of synapses. C Contain synaptic vesicles D

Effector organs of the ANS include all of the following EXCEPT:

A Medulla oblongata. B Arteriolar smooth muscle. C Heart.

The system that controls smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and gland activity is the:

A Somatic nervous system. B Autonomic nervous system. C Skeletal division. D Sensory nervous system.

The peripheral nervous system includes the:

A Somatic nervous system B Brain. C Spinal cord. D Nuclei.

Which of the following structures is a component of reflex arc?

A Afferent neuron B Effector organ. C Sensory receptor. D All of the above.

The somatic nervous system is part of the:

A Sympathetic nervous system. B Parasympathetic nervous system C Autonomic nervous system D None of the above.

The autonomic ganglia:

A Are 5 types. B Are the sites of relay of afferent neurons. C Function as distributing centres. D Are located inside the CNS.

Preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibres:

A Are found in somatic nerves (e.g., median & ulnar nerves). B Are present in the short ciliary nerves. C Are non – myelinated. D Are found in the greater splanchnic nerves.

A modular body which contains large numbers of neuronal cell bodies and is located within the peripheral neurons system is called

A Ganglion. B Nerve. C Nucleus. D Tract.

The affecter pathway of the ANS generally contains ….. neuron(s).

A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4

Concerning the autonomic ganglia, all the following is true except:

A They act as distributing centres. B They are 3 types. C Their chemical transmitter is acetylcholine D Their receptors are specifically blocked by atropine.

The sympathetic preganglionic nerve fibres:

A Arise from the cervical segments of the spinal cord. B Originate at the autonomic ganglia. C Are myelinated nerve fibres belonging to the B group of the nerve Fibres D Show minimal divergence (branching) in the autonomic ganglia.

In the autonomic N.S., all the following is correct Except:

A In sympathetic ganglia, the ratio of preganglionic fibres to postganglionic fibres is 1:32. B In parasympathetic ganglia, the ratio of preganglionic fibres to Postganglionic fibers is 1:32. C The splanchnic nerves contain sympathetic preganglionic fibres. D Stimulation of Oculomotor nerve produces accommodation.

The sympathetic supply is not responsible for:

A a. Constriction of the pupil. B b. Erection of hair. C c. Secretion of eccrine sweat glands. D d. Dilatation of skeletal muscle blood vessels.

25) Dropping of the eyelid ( ptosis ) is caused by damage to :

A a. The third cranial nerve. B b. The parasympathetic supply to the eye. C c. The sympathetic supply to the eye. D d. Lesion in lumbar 2,3.

26) Sympathetic stimulation of the iris causes:

A Astigmatism B b. Pupillary constriction. C c. Pupillary dilation. D d. Vitreous secretion.

27) A lesion in the cervical symp. Chain ( Horner's syndrome ) causes :

A a. Increased sweating . B b. Drooping of the upper eyelid (= ptosis). C c. V.C. of the skin blood vessels (leading to pallor). D d. Mydriasis (= dilatation of the pupil).

28) Regarding the pelvic nerve, the following is true Except :

A a. It is the nerve of erection (= nerves erigents). B b. It is motor to the urinary bladder & distal half of the large intestine. C c. It is inhibitory to both the internal anal & urethral sphincters. D d. It has both preganglionic & postganglionic nerve fibres.

28) Regarding the pelvic nerve, the following is true Except :

A a. It is the nerve of erection (= nerves erigents). B b. It is motor to the urinary bladder & distal half of the large intestine. C c. It is inhibitory to both the internal anal & urethral sphincters. D d. It has both preganglionic & postganglionic nerve fibres.

29) Stimulation of the greater splanchnic nerve produces:

A a. Increased motility of the stomach & upper half of the small intestine. B b. Inhibition of micturition. C c. Increased blood levels of both glucose & catecholamines. D d. V.C. of the blood vessels in the erectile tissue of both males & females

30) The following about sympathetic nervous system is true except:

A a. All its preganglionic fibres are cholinergic. B b. It is involved in stress & emergency conditions. C c. It has a V.D. effect on skeletal muscle blood vessels during rest. D d. Its stimulation increases the cardiac properties.

31) The sympathetic nervous system has all of the following characters except

A a. It is mostly noradrenergic. B b. It is involved more frequently in generalized actions. C c. It is of little importance in visual accommodation. D d. It antagonizes mostly parasympathetic functions. E e. It is anabolic.

32) The parasympathetic nerves:

A a. Are important in emergency conditions e.g. fight & flight reactions . B b. Play important functions in skin and skeletal muscles. C c. Tend to have longer postgang . fibers than pregang. Fibres. D d. Are catabolic in their actions. E e. Mostly exert effects opposite to those done by the symp. Nerves.

33) Stimulation of the pelvic nerve causes:

A a. Contraction of the bronchial muscle. B b. Contraction of the internal urethral & rectal (anal) sphincters. C c. V.D. of the blood vessels in the external genitalia. D d. Stoppage of prostatic secretions.

34) Stimulation of the sympathetic N.S. causes:

A a. Contraction of the ciliary muscle for near vision. B b. Mostly generalized actions affecting many systems. C c. Bronchoconstriction. D d. Decreased glycogenolysis & lipolysis.

36) Which of the following may be produced by parasymp. Stimulation:

A a. Acceleration of the heart. B b. Contraction of the urinary bladder wall. C c. V.D. of skeletal muscle blood vessels. D d. Dilatation of the pupil.

37) The efferent impulses that stimulate salivary secretion proceed along all the following nerves except the:

A a. Heart. B b. Pupillary smooth muscles. C c. Salivary glands. D d. Adrenal glands.

39) Which of the following structures is an example where double innervation does not apply?

A a. The heart. B b. The bladder. C c. The stomach. D d. The intestines. E e. Splenic capsule.

40) Parasympathetic nerves:

A a. Have opposite effects to those of sympathetic nerves when both supply the same organ . B b. Play an important part in the vasodilatation in skeletal muscle during prolonged exercise. C c. Liberate acetylcholine at both preganglionic and postganglionic nerve endings D d. Tend to have longer postganglionic then preganglionic fibres.

41) The vagus nerve:

A a. When stimulated has little direct effect on the strength of ventricular contraction B b. Contains afferent nerve fibres only. C c. Exerts at rest a tonic effect on the heart which becomes more marked D d. with regular long distance running .

42) Generalized sympathetic activity is characterized by the following except:

A a. Contraction of the radial n\muscle in the iris. B b. A raised blood level of catcholamines. C c. Constriction of blood vessels in the skin. D d. A fall in the blood glucose level.

43) All the following statements are true except:

A a. Accommodation to near vision is mediated by increased acetylcholine secreted in the ciliary muscle of the eye . B b. Vagotomy may cause the heart rate to increase significantly. C c. Arteriolar V.C. present at rest may be due to a basal secretion of catecholamines D d. Noradrenaline is not secreted by the adrenal medulla.

44) Stimulation of the pelvic nerve (sacral autonomic) produces:

A a. Relaxation of the wall of rectum & contraction of the internal anal Sphincter. B b. V.C. of the blood vessels in the external genitalia causing erection of penis. C c. Contraction of smooth muscles in the male sexual passages causing ejaculation D d. Relaxation of the internal urethral and anal sphincters.

45) An injury to the first 4 sacral segments of the spinal cord produces:

A a. Hyperglycaemia. B b. V.D. in the Cutaneous blood vessels. C c. Disturbance of sweat secretion. D d. Lack of erection of the penis in males & clitoris in females.

46) About the vagus nerve, all the following is true except:

A a. It originates mainly from medulla oblongata. B b. It contains parasympathetic pregans .Fibres. C c. It has no direct effect on ventricular contraction. D d. It causes increased peristaltic movements of the intestinal wall. E e. It produces micturition.

47) Concerning the adrenal medulla, all the following is true except:

A a. Its secretion is increased in emergency conditions. B b. It secrets epinephrine 80% & norepinephrine 20%. C c. It augments and prolongs the effects of sympathetic stimulation. D d. It is a modified sympathetic ganglion. E e. It receives preganglionic nerve supply from the anterior horn cells of the lower 6 thoracic segments of spinal cord.

48) Parasympathetic tone is mostly responsible for:

A a. Decreasing the blood flow to the gut (GIT or alimentary canal). B b. Maintenance of the systemic arterial blood pressure constant. C c. Keeping the fasting blood glucose level constant. D d. Maintaining resting heart rate within normal.

49) It is true to say that nicotine in small dose has an excitatory influence on the:

A a. Receptors located in the neurons present in the sympathetic ganglia. B b. Beta adrenergic receptors. C c. Alpha adrenergic receptors. D d. Receptors those are normally responsive to postganglionic Parasympathetic fibres.

50) Sympathetic tone serves the following autonomic functions:

A a. Maintenance of basal cardiac rhythm. B b. Maintenance of basal gastrointestinal motility. C c. Maintenance of normal arterial blood pressure. D d. Maintenance of basal sleep rhythm.

51) Nicotine in small doses stimulates the:

A a. Alpha adrenergic receptors. B b. Receptors at the parasymp posting. nerve fibres. C c. Receptors in the neurons present in the sympathetic chain D d. Beta adrenergic receptors.

52) The parasympathetic effects can be stimulated by:

A a. Atropine which exerts similar effects as muscarine. B b. Ephedrine which stimulates the synthesis of acetylcholine. C c. Large doses of nicotine which have a effects similar to acetylcholine. D d. Alpha methyldopa (aldomet) which increases the release of acetylcholine. E Physostigmine

53) About the chemical transmission in the symp. N.S:

A a. Noradrenaline is released by both the pregang. & postgang. Symp. nerve fibres. B b. Noradrenaline acts mainly on the beta adrenergic receptors. C c. Noradrenaline contributes to 80% of the secretion of the suprarenal medullae D d. The alpha adrenergic stimulators cause contraction of the plain muscles in the seminal vesicles & vas deferens.

54) Curare is often given before surgical operation to:

A a. Prevent bronchial secretion. B b. Maintain the arterial blood pressure. C c. Induce bronchodilatation. D d. Relax the skeletal muscles.

55) All preganglionic autonomic neurons secrete:

A a. Epinephrine. B b. Acetylcholine. C c. Nicotine. D d. Dopamine.

56) About acetylcholine, all the following is true except:

A a. It is synthesized & released by some symp. Postgang . Nerve fibres. B b. It is the chemical transmitter released by all pregang . nerve fibers. C c. It is broken down enzymatically by the choline esterase enzyme D d. It is liberated by all parasymp. nerve fibres. E e. It makes reading difficult because of relaxation of the ciliary muscle.

57) An injection of atropine causes all the following effects except:

A a. An increase in the heart rate. B b. Pupillo-dilatation. C c. Difficult micturition. D d. Constriction of the bronchi.

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