Quiz: Physiology

1) Aldosterone hormone increases Na+ reabsorption from which of the following part of the nephron

A A. Glomerulus B B. Thick part of the ascending limb of loop of Henle. C C. Descending limb of loop of Henle D D. Distal convoluted tubule.

2) Which of the following is not a function of the kidney?

A A. Regulation of acid base balance. B B. Activation of vitamin D. C C. Production and release of rennin D D. Conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin II

3) The juxtaglomerular cells of the JGA secrete

A A. Aldosterone. B B. Rennin C C. ADH D D. Adrenaline

4) Micturition reflex

A A. Its afferent fibers are in the vagus B B. Its afferent fibers are in the pelvic. C C. Its efferent fibers are in tae vagus. D D. Its response includes relaxation of the wall of the bladder

5) The tubular fluid is iso-osmotic at the end of

A A. Proximal tubules B B. Distal tubules C C. Descending limb of loop of Henle D D.Medullary collecting tubules

6) Which of the following parts of the nephron shows the highest osmolarity?

A A. PCT B B. Cortical collecting ducts C C. DCT D D. Medullary collecting ducts

It is correct to say

A A. The majority of water reabsorption occurs in the DCT B B. Water reabsorption from the PCT increases the osmolarity of medullary interstitial fluid C C. 100% of the filtered water is reabsorbed by Osmosis D D. Counter current exchanger is the function of loop of Henle

8) The renal threshold for glucose is

A A. 100 mg minute B B. 250 mg minute C C. 150 mg minute D E. 180 mg minute

9) H-secretion in the distal tubule and collecting ducts occurs as long as the pH of the tubular fluid is

A A. 3.5 B B.6.5 C C. 4.5 D D. 7.5

10- is the ratio of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to the renal plasma flow (RPF)

A A. Renal threshold B B. Filtered load C C. The filtration Fraction D D. Titration point

11) Glomerular filtrate is similar to plasma in

A A. Urea B B. K C C. Albumin D D. Na

12- Which one of the following most likely causes Increase in GFR

A A. Construction ad afferent arteriole B B. Dilatation of efferent arteriole C C. Renal blood flow D D. The hydrostatic pressure in Bowman's capsule

14) Increased GFR is caused by

A A. Decreased arterial pressure B B. Decreased Oncotic pressure C C. Increase thickness of glomerular membrane D D. Decreased glomerular pressure

15) Protein cannot cross glomeruli because

A A. Negative charge in the basement membrane B B. Proteins are 100% reabsorbed C C. Fenestrated endothelium D D. Increase permeability of glomeruli to protein

Glucose is absorbed in renal tubules through

A A. Secondary Active transport B B. Primary active transport C C. Facilitated diffusion D D. Endocytosis

In the presence of ADH, in which segment filtrate will be isotonic to plasma

A A. Ascending loop of henle B B. Medullary Collecting duct C C. Descending loop of henle D D. Renal pelvis

Which of following is not absorbed in PCT?

A A.Bicarbonate B B. H+ C C. Sodium D D. Glucose

One of the following is false as regard the kidney

A A. Malpighian corpuscles located in cortex B B. The renal interstitium is the space between urineferous tubules & blood & lymph vessels C C. Medullary rays are parallel arrays of tubules extending from the pyramids to the cortex D D. Nephron consists of renal orpuscle, loop of Henle, proximal, distal convoluted tubules & collecting duct

Respiratory CO2 is the source of carbon atom number in the purine ring

A A. 2 B B. 4 C C. 5 D D.6

Which purine nucleotide is synthesized first in the purine nucleotide synthetic pathway

A A. IMP B B. AMPO C C. GMP O D D. ATPO

The end product of purine catabolism in humans is

A A. Xanthine B B. Hypoxanthine C C. Guanine D D. Uric acid

1-65% of the filtered solutes are reabsorbed in

A The proximal tubule B B. Distal convoluted tubules C C. The descending limb of the loop of Henle D D. Collecting ducts

1-65% of the filtered solutes are reabsorbed in

A The proximal tubule B B. Distal convoluted tubules C C. The descending limb of the loop of Henle D D. Collecting ducts

Which of the following statements is/are correct?

A A. Hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries is about 55 mmHg B B. The renal cortex receives most of the renal blood flow (2%) C C. The pressure in the glomerular capillaries is lower than in other capillary beds D D. Renal blood flow is regulated mainly by nerves.

The transfer of solutes from the peritubular capillaries into the tubular lumen is called

A A. Glomerular filtration B B. Urinary excretion rate. C C. Tubular secretion D D. Glomerulotubular balance

The glomerular filtration rate is inversely proportional to

A A. Renal blood flow. B B. Amount of protein intake C C. The glomerular colloid osmotic pressure. D D. Number of functioning nephrons

Requirements for excreting concentrated urine

A A. Low ADH B B. Low ANF C C. High ANF D D. High ADH levels

About urea, all are true except

A A. Urea excretion is increased by an increase 8 in glomerular filtrate rate. B B. Is actively secreted by the renal tubular cells. C C. concentration in the blood rises slightly after a high protein diet. D D. Urea excretion is increased by an increase in plasma urea level.

How do kidneys respond to a decrease in the pH of extracellular fluid?

A A. They secrete more H+ ions B B. They secrete less HCO3- ions C C. A&B D D. They secrete more HCO3- ions

Facultative water reabsorption occurs in which of the following areas

A A. Proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule B B. Proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, and distal convoluted tubule C C. Collecting duct, nephron loop, and distal convoluted tubule D D. Distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct

The renal cortex receives

A a. 2% of the renal blood flow B B.7% of the renal blood flow C C. 98% of the renal blood flow D D. 50% of the renal blood flow

Angiotensin 1 is converted to Angiotensin 2 in

A A. Lung capillary endothelium B B. Kidney C C. Liver D D. spleen

Activation of which of the following occurs in kidney

A A. Cholecalciferol B B. Renin C C. Parathyroid hormone D D. Calcium

Glutaminc PRPP aminotransferase is negatively allosterically regulated by the following except

A a) PRPP B b) IMP C c) GMP D d) AMP

Which is incorrect with regards to the fluid and is content

A a) Normal Saline-150mmol Na'/L B b) Hartmans-131mmol Na'/L C c) Hartmans-131mmolCI/L D d) D5W-50gm glucose/L

Which is not a possibility in the ECG of a patient with hyperkalemia

A a) prolong PR interval B b) prominent U waves C c) T wave flattening D d) Prolonged Of interval

it is correct to say

A a) The majority of water reabsorption occurs in the DCT. B b) 100% of the filtered water is reabsorbed by osmosis C c) ADH increases water reabsorption from the PCT. D Counter current exchanger is the function of loop of Henle

Aldosterone hormone increases Na+ reabsorption from which of the following part of the nephron

A A. Glomerulus B B. Thick part of the ascending limb of loop of Henle. C C. Descending limb of loop of Henle. D D. Distal convoluted tubule.

Which of the following is not a function of the kidney?

A A. Regulation of acid base balance. B B. Activation of vitamin D. C C. Production and release of rennin. D D. Conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin II

The juxtaglomerular cells of the JGA secrete

A A. Aldosterone. B B. Rennin C C. ADH D D. Adrenaline.

Micturition reflex

A A. Its afferent fibers are in the vagus B B. Its afferent fibers are in the pelvic C C. Its efferent fibers are in tae vagus. D D. Its response includes relaxation of the wall of the bladder.

The tubular fluid is iso-osmotic at the end of

A A. Proximal tubules B B. Distal tubules C C. Descending limb of loop of Henle D D.Medullary collecting tubules

All the following statements are true of the H+ secreted into the lumen of the distal nephron except

A A. can combine with NH4+ B B. can remain as free H C C. can combine with HCO3 D D. can combine with HPO

Which of the following parts of the nephron shows the highest osmolarity?

A A. PCT B B. Cortical collecting ducts C C. DCT D D. Medullary collecting ducts

It is correct to say

A a) The majority of water reabsorption occurs in the DCT B b) Water reabsorption from the PCT increases the osmolarity of medullary interstitial fluid C c) 100% of the filtered water is reabsorbed by Osmosis D d) Counter current exchanger is the function of loop of Henle

The renal threshold for glucose is

A A. 100 mg minute B B. 250 mg minute C C. 150 mg minute D D. 180 mg minute

Increased GFR is caused by

A A. Decreased arterial pressure B B. Decreased Oncotic pressure C C. Increase thickness of glomerular membrane D D. Aldosterone

Renin is secreted by cells in

A A. Distal tubules B B. Proximal tubule C C. Juxtaglomerular cells D D. Thick part of the ascending limb of loop of Henle

Which of the following does not form glomerular membrane in nephrons?

A A. Podocytes B B. Basement membrane (basal lamina) C C. The capillary endothelium (epithelial cells from Bowmans capsule D D. Mesangium

Child with generalized edema and protein-urea 6g per day, which part of the kidney involved

A A. Interstitium B B. Proximal convoluted tubules C C. Glomerular Basement membrane D D. Distal tubules

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