Quiz: Exams — AUA MCQ

Diagnostic stage of Enterobius vermicularis worm is

A A. larva B B. egg C C. mature segment D D. gravid segment

Infective stage of Hydatid disease is

A A. adult B B. larva C C. egg D D. mature segment

Urinary schistosomiasis caused by

A A. Schistosoma mansoni B B. Schistosoma japonicum C C. Schistosoma haematobium D D. Other worm

In hereditary renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the following syndrome is implicated in carcinogenesis

A A. von Hippel-Lindau disease B B. Polycystic kidney disease C C. Alport's syndrome D D. Fabry's disease

Out of various histologic types of renal . cell carcinoma, the following type has worst prognosis

A A. Clear cell type B B. Granular cell type C C. Sarcomatoid type D D. Papillary type

Patients with renal carcinoma may have the following except

A A. Hypocalcemia B B. Hypertension C C. Polycythemia D D. Hypercalcemia

Following structures lie posterior to the right kidney, EXCEPT

A A. 11th and 12th ribs B B. Transversus abdominis C C. Iliohypogastric nerve D D. Quadratus lumborum

Regarding left renal vein, following are true, EXCEPT

A A. Left gonadal vein is one of its tributaries B B. Longer than the right renal vein C C. Receives left supra-renal vein D D. Passes behind of aorta

Regarding anterior relation of the right kidney, one statement is WRONG

A A. Superior pole is related to the suprarenal gland B B. 2nd part f the duodenum is related close to the hilum C C. Coils of the jejunum and right colic vessels are related to lower pole D D. Head of the pancreas

Which adverse reaction is not associated with thiazide diuretics

A A. Hyperglycemia B B. Hyperuricemia C C. Hypocalcaemia D D. Hypokalemia

Select diuretic agent having a potent and rapid effect

A A. Furosemide B B. Spironolactone C C. Hydrochlorothiazide D D. Indapamide

The following diuretic drug acts by competing with aldosterone for its cytosolic receptors

A A. Acetazolamide B B. Furosemide C C. Hydrochlorothiazide D D. Spironolactone

Which factor of the following decrease the sensitivity of tubuloglomerular feedback

A A. Adenosine B B. Thromboxane C C. Dopamine D D. Atrial natriuretic peptide

Which of the following statements is/are correct

A A. Hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries is about 55 mmHg B B. The pressure in the glomerular capillaries is lower than in other capillary beds C C. the kidneys receive 71% of the cardiac output D D. The renal cortex receives most of the renal blood flow (2%)

the Normal microbiota are

A A. microorganisms that are frequently found in a particular site in normal healthy individual B B. relatively fixed microorganisms, regularly found in a given area at a given age C C. non fixed microorganisms derived from the environment, They may remain for hours, days or weeks, They are potentiaiiy pathogens D D. Non of the above

Resident flora prevent colonization of pathogenic organism by

A A. Hand wash B B. Competition with nutrients or excreation of inhibitory substances or maintain inhibitory pH C C. increase the thickness of mucosa D D. other mechanism

Which is the correct order of the arterial renal blood flow

A a) Arcuate artery - interlobar artery - vasa recta - interlobular artery B b) Arcuate artery - interlobular artery - interlobar artery - vasa recta C c) Arcuate artery - interlobar artery - interlobular artery - afferent artery D d) Interlobar artery - arcuate artery - interlobular artery - afferent artery

Which of the following is correct about the ureter

A A. The upper one third contain submucosa B B. The upper two thirds contain submucosa C C. The musculosa of the lower two thirds consists of three layers D D. The musculosa of the lower one third consists of three layers

One of the following is false as regard the kidney

A A. Malpighian corpuscles located in cortex B B. The renal interstitium is the space between urineferous tubules & blood & lymph vessels C C. Medullary rays are parallel arrays of tubules extending from the pyramids to the cortex D D. Nephron consists of renal corpuscle, loop of Henle, proximal, distal convoluted tubules & collecting duct

Respiratory CO2 is the source of carbon atom number in the purine ring

A A. 2 B B. 4 C C. 5 D D.6

Which purine nucleotide is synthesized first in the purine nucleotide synthetic pathway

A A. IMP B B. AMPO C C. GMP O D D. ATPO

The end product of purine catabolism in humans is

A A. Xanthine B B. Hypoxanthine C C. Guanine D D. Uric acid

Which factor of the following increase the sensitivity of tubule-glomerular feedback?

A A. Prostaglandin 12 B B. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) C C. Atrial natriuretic peptide D D. Hydroxy eicosatetraenoic acid

Which factor of the following decrease the sensitivity of tubule-glomerular feedback?

A A. Adenosine B B. Hydroxy eicosatetraenoic acid C C. Thromboxane D D. Atrial natriuretic peptide

The only organs which can eliminate certain metabolic acids like sulfuric and phosphoric acids

A A. Large intestine B B. Kidneys C C. Heart D D. Skin

The visceral layer of Bowman's capsule is formed of

A A. Mesangial cells B B. Endothelial cells C C. Macula densa cells D D. Podocytes

The release of renin is considered as the function of

A A. Juxtaglomerular cells B B. Mesangial cells C C. Endothelial cells D D. Macula densa cells

The regeneration of basement membrane of a glomerular blood capillary is the function of

A A. Endothelial cells B B. Podocytes C C. Macula densa cells D D. Mesangial cells

The following is true for PRPP

A A. Used in the purine salvage pathway B B. Precursor for purines C C. All the above D D. Precursor for pyrimidines

Purine nucleotides are synthesized in

A A. Cytosol B B. Lysosome C C. Mitochondria D D. Partly in all the above

Glutamine PRPP amido-transferase is negatively allosterically regulated by the

A A. AMP B B. GMP C C. IMP D D. PRPP

The following catalyzes the committed step in purine nucleotide biosynthesis

A A. PRPP synthetase B B. Phosphoribosyl glycinamide synthetase C C. Phosphor-ribosyl-amine synthetase D D. Formyl-transferase

The following amphibolic intermediate is obtained during de novo purine synthesis

A A. succinate B B. fumarate C C. citrate D D. oxaloacetate

In a resting adult, the kidneys receive

A A. 50% of the cardiac output per minute B B. 31% of the cardiac output per minute C C. 71% of the cardiac output per minute D D. 21% of the cardiac output per minute

The replacement of the media of the afferent glomerular arteriole is the function of

A A. Mesangial cells B B. Endothelial cells C C. Macula densa cells D D. Juxtaglomerular cells

The replacement of the media of the afferent glomerular arteriole is the function of

A A. Mesangial cells B B. Endothelial cells C C. Macula densa cells D D. Juxtaglomerular cells

All of the followings are histological components of the nephron EXCEPT

A A. Renal Malpighian corpuscle B B. Collecting ducts C C. Proximal convoluted tubule D D. Loop of Henle

All the following structures lie in front of the right kidney EXCEPT

A A. Right colic flexure B B. Right lobe of liver C C. Head of the pancreas D D. Coils of intestine

The following statements concerning the ureters are true EXCEPT

A A. Both have three anatomical sites that are constricted B B. Both pass anterior to the testicular or ovarian vessels C C. Both receive their blood supply from testicular or ovarian arteries D D. Both lie anterior to the sacroiliac joints

Regarding the kidneys, all statements are true EXCEPT

A A. Right kidney is slightly lower than the left one B B. Left kidney is related anteriorly to the stomach C C. Kidneys are surrounded by perirenal fat and fascia D D. The two kidneys are completely covered by peritoneum

Regarding the urinary bladder, all statements are true EXCEPT

A A. It lies behind symphysis pubis B B. The urethra starts at its apex C C. Its superior surface is covered with peritoneum D D. The ureters open into its posterosuperior angles

Regarding the urinary bladder, all statements are true EXCEPT

A A. It lies behind symphysis pubis B B. The urethra starts at its apex C C. Its superior surface is covered with peritoneum D D. The ureters open into its posterosuperior angles

The prostatic part of the male urethra develops from

A A. Urachus B B. Ureteric bud C C. Definitive urogenital sinus D D. Mesonephric duct

..............is the rate at which the maximum amount of a substance is reabsorbed from the renal tubule

A A. Renal threshold B B. Filtered load C C. Fractional excretion D D. Tubular transport maximum

.......is the plasma concentration at which a substance appears in urine

A A. Renal threshold B B. Filtered load C C. Fractional excretion D D. Titration point

The transport maximum for glucose (TmG) in adult males is

A A. 180 mg/minute B B. 375 mg/minute C C. 250 mg/minute D D. 150 mg/minute

The renal threshold for glucose is

A A. 180 mg/minute B B. 375 mg/minute C C. 250 mg/minute D D. 150 mg/minute

The normal human glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is approximately (in mL/min)

A A. 25 B B. 300 C C. 50 D D. 125

Which of the following statements is/are correct?

A A. Ammonia is secreted in the distal convoluted tubule B B. Thick segment is absolutely impermeable to water C C. Thick segment is absolutely permeable to water D D. Descending limb is very permeable to water, sodium chloride, and urea

Requirements for excreting concentrated urine

A A. Low ADH B B. Low ANF C C. High ADH levels D D. High ANF

The adult type polycystic kidney is characterized by which of the following?

A A. Massive enlargement of kidneys B B. Bilateral renal involvement C C. Multiple large cysts D D. All of the above

Which of the following is the electron microscopic finding seen in the glomeruli of a child with nephrotic syndrome?

A A. Crescent formation B B. Loss of foot processes C C. Electron-dense deposits D D. Scarring in glomeruli

Which of the following renal diseases is characterized by a linear pattern in immunofluorescence?

A A. Goodpasture syndrome B B. Acute proliferative GN C C. Lupus nephritis D D. Diabetic nephropathy

Which of the following glomerular diseases is usually presented by smoky urine?

A A. Acute proliferative GN B B. Lipid nephrosis C C. Amyloidosis D D. Membranous GN

A patient presented with hemoptysis and renal failure. Renal biopsy revealed crescent formation with linear deposits of IgG in immunofluorescence. Which of the following would be the possible diagnosis?

A A. Goodpasture syndrome B B. Acute post-infectious glomerulonephritis C C. Henoch-Schonlein syndrome D D. IgA nephropathy

Highly selective proteinuria (only lower molecular weight proteins in the urine) is most likely to occur with which of the following diseases?

A A. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis B B. Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis C C. Minimal change disease D D. Diabetic glomerulosclerosis

The following is true about dialysis except

A A. Separating molecules in solution B B. Used for buffer exchange C C. Dependent on difference in their rates of charge of molecules D D. Used for drug binding studies

Diffusion is

A A. Random B B. Thermal movement C C. Occurs from an area of higher concentration to a lower concentration D D. All the above

Dialysate is

A A. A sample B B. Buffer solution C C. Differential diffusion patterns D D. None of the above

There are ...... types of dialysis

A A. 2 B B. 5 C C. 3 D D. 9

The following is true about hemodialysis except

A A. It involves diffusion of solutes across a semipermeable membrane B B. Is the same as other methods of dialysis C C. Utilizes counter current flow D D. Different than other methods of dialysis

Skeletal muscle membrane Na+K+ATPase is stimulated by

A A. Epinephrine B B. Insulin C C. All of the above D D. None of the above

Daily urinary chloride excretion is nearly

A A. 0.5-0.8 mg B B. 5.0-8.0 g C C. 5.0-8.0 mg D D. 6.0-9.0 g

Furosemide acts by inhibiting the following in the renal tubular cell

A A. Na+-K+-2Cl- co transporter B B. Na+-Cl symporter C C. Na+-H+ antiporter D D. Na+ K+ ATPase

Intravenous furosemide rapidly relieves dyspnea in acute pulmonary edema by

A A. Producing bronchodilatation B B. Causing rapid diuresis and reducing circulating blood volume C C. Increasing venous capacitance and reducing cardiac preload D D. Stimulating left ventricular contractility

Thiazide diuretics and furosemide have directionally opposite effect on the net renal excretion of the following substance

A A. Uric acid B B. Calcium C C. Magnesium D D. Bicarbonate

The Na+-Cl symport in the early distal convoluted tubule of the kidney is inhibited by

A A. Thiazides B B. Ethacrynic acid C C. Xipamide D D. Furosemide

Thiazide diuretics enhance K+ elimination in urine primarily by

A A. Inhibiting proximal tubular K+ reabsorption B B. Inhibiting Na+ K+-2Cl- cotransport in the ascending limb of loop of Henle C C. Increasing the availability of Na+ in the distal tubular fluid to exchange with interstitial K+ D D. Potentiating the action of aldosterone

Urea excretion is increased by

A A. Decrease in plasma urea level B B. An increase in blood glucose level C C. An increase in GFR D D. A decrease in blood glucose level

H+ is secreted in all parts of the renal tubule except

A A. Distal convoluted tubule B B. Collecting duct C C. The proximal tubule D D. The descending and ascending thin limbs of the loop of Henle

Which of the following statements is/are correct?

A A. H+ secretion increased by aldosterone B B. H+ secretion decreased by K+ depletion in the cells C C. H+ secretion decreased by aldosterone D D. H+ secretion increased by K+ excess in the cells

H+ secretion in the distal tubule and collecting ducts occurs as long as the pH of the tubular fluid is above

A A. 6.5 B B. 4.5 C C. 7.4 D D. 3.5

Intravesical pressure increases when about .................. of urine is collected in the bladder of an adult person

A A. 50 to 100 ml B B. 175 ml to 200 ml C C. 100 to 150 ml D D. 300 to 400 mL

Granular casts in acute tubular necrosis are formed of

A A. Sloughed epithelial cells B B. Leukocytes C C. Basement membrane materia D D. Granulocytes

WBC casts are diagnostic for

A A. Toxic tubular necrosis B B. Chronic pyelonephritis C C. Ischemic tubular necrosis D D. Acute pyelonephritis

Most urine specimens will contain FEWER THAN

A A. 10^2 B B. 10^4 C C. 10^3 D D. 10^7

Mucosal immunity of the host urinary system includes the following excep

A A. Prostatic secretions B B. Cytokines & lymphokines C C. Ig A D D. Short urethra

Most urinary tract infections occur

A A. Descending B B. From ovaries C C. Ascending D D. From vas deferens

The most ominous sign or symptom of urinary system disease is

A A. Pneumaturia B B. Hematuria C C. Dysuria D D. Pyuria

A patient with acute urinary tract infection (UTI) usually presents with

A A. Painful urination B B. Chills and fever C C. Flank pain D D. 5 to 10 white blood cells per high-power field (hpf) in the uncentrifuged urine specimen

Creatinine, a marker of kidney function, is produced from which of the following precursors?

A A. Glutamine, Aspartic acid, and CO2 B B. Glycine and Succinyl Co A C C. Glutamine, Cysteine, and Glycine D D. Glycine, Arginine, and S-Adenosyl Methionine

Carcinoma of the bladder

A A. Is primarily of squamous cell origin B B. May mimic an acute UTI with irritability and hematuria C C. Is preferentially treated by radiation D D. May be treated conservatively by use of intravesical agents even if it invades the bladder muscle

Which of the following is/are true of blunt renal trauma?

A A. Blunt renal trauma requires exploration only when the patient exhibits hemodynamic instability B B. Blunt renal trauma and penetrating renal injuries are managed similarly C C. Blunt renal trauma with urinary extravasation always requires surgical exploration D D. Any kidney fractured by blunt renal trauma must be explored

How do kidneys respond to a decrease in the pH of extracellular fluid?

A A. They secrete more H+ ions B B. They secrete less HCO3- ions C C. They secrete more HCO3- ions D D. A&B

The normal pH of the blood is approximately

A A. 7.2 B B. 7.8 C C. 7.4 D D. 6.9

The micturition reflex center is located in the

A A. Kidney B B. Urinary bladder C C. Cerebrum D D. Sacral segment of the spinal cord

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A A. ADH increases water reabsorption in the kidney B B. The creatinine clearance test is the most accurate way to measure GFR C C. Aldosterone indirectly increases water reabsorption D D. ADH acts directly on the proximal convoluted tubule

Facultative water reabsorption occurs in which of the following areas

A A. Proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule B B. Proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, and distal convoluted tubule C C. Collecting duct, nephron loop, and distal convoluted tubule D D. Distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct

A 40-year-old diabetic woman has glycosuria. This may occur due to inadequate glucose reabsorption at

A A. Collecting duct B B. Distal convoluted tubule C C. Glomerulus D D. Proximal convoluted tubule

Which of the following is false about factors controlling GFR?

A A. GHP (glomerular hydrostatic pressure) normally pushes water and solutes out of plasma and into filtrate B B. CsHP (Capsular hydrostatic pressure) opposes GHP C C. GHP is normally higher than systemic capillary pressures D D. GHP is normally lower than systemic capillary pressures

What is the transport maximum for glucose (mg/min) in female?

A A. 50 mg/minute B B. 700 C C. 100 D D. 300

About urea, all are true except

A A. Urea excretion is increased by an increase in glomerular filtrate rate B B. Urea excretion is increased by an increase in plasma urea level C C. Is actively secreted by the renal tubular cells D D. Causes osmotic diuresis when its blood concentration is increased

The external urethral sphincter

A A. Is under voluntary control B B. Is made of skeletal muscle C C. Is under involuntary control D D. Both A & C

Which of the following is lined with transitional epithelium?

A A. Juxtaglomerular apparatus B B. Renal pyramids C C. Bladder mucosa D D. Membranous urethra

Which cell type comprises the visceral layer of Bowman capsule?

A A. Endothelial cells B B. Podocytes C C. Juxtaglomerular cells D D. Extraglomerular mesangial (or Lacis) cells

The longest part of Henle’s loop is located in

A A. Renal cortex B B. Renal pelvis C C. Renal medulla D D. Renal papillae

The regeneration of basement membrane of glomerular blood capillaries is the function of

A A. Endothelial cells B B. Podocytes C C. Macula densa cells D D. Mesangial cells

The histological components of uriniferous tubules include all of the followings EXCEPT

A A. Renal Malpighian corpuscle B B. Distal convoluted tubule C C. Loop of Henle's D D. Ureter

All of the following are true for urinary schistosomiasis Except

A A. Terminal haematuria B B. Carcinoma of bladder C C. Bladder sandy patches D D. Liver abscess

Nocturnal enuresis in children is commonly caused by

A A. Ascaris lumbricoides B B. Enterobius vermicularis C C. Ancylostoma duodenale D D. Echinococcus granulosus

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