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One of the following structures lie infront of right kidney
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........ lies in front of left kidney:
A stone in the ureter may be arrested at
A major part of urinary bladder develops from
Renal arteries arising from the abdominal aorta at level of
The ureter is supplied by branches from
1-65% of the filtered solutes are reabsorbed in
Which of the following statements is/are correct?
The transfer of solutes from the peritubular capillaries into the tubular lumen is called
The glomerular filtration rate is inversely proportional to
Requirements for excreting concentrated urine
About urea, all are true except
All the following statements are true of the H+ secreted into the lumen of the distal nephron except
How do kidneys respond to a decrease in the pH of extracellular fluid?
Facultative water reabsorption occurs in which of the following areas
The renal cortex receives
A physician evaluates a 32-year-old patient for fatigue. The patient is found to have an elevated white blood cell count and an enlarged spleen. A referral to an oncologist results in a diagnosis of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Treatment with hydroxyurea, a ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor is begun. The normal functioning of this enzyme is to do which of the followings?
Which nephron segment contains the most diluted urine in central diabetes insipidus patient?
What is false concerning staghorn calculus?
Which of the following people would be most severely affected by prolonged vomiting?
Synovial fluid is a part of which of the following fluid compartments?
Patient on hemodialysis, presents with iron deficiency, previously he sustained reaction to iron dextran. What should be done?
A 58-year-old man is awoken by a throbbing ach in his great toe. He had a similar attack earlier also, after indulging in a rich meal. On examination, he is noted to have an angry inflamed great toe and several nodules on the antihelix of his ear. Inhibition of which of the following enzymes might prevent the occurrence of such symptoms?
Which of the following is used during the conversion of uracil to thymine?
The nitrogens of a purine molecule are derived from all of the following amino acids EXCEPT
What is the correct sequence of appearance of intermediates in the degradation of adenosine?
The vessel which is a branch of the interlobular artery is
The type of tissue lines the urinary bladder is
The Juxtaglomerular apparatus formed of
The glomerular filtration barrier is composed of all the following except
Which of the following is the correct sequence in which urine flows through the kidney toward the urinary bladder?
The functional unit of the kidney is called a
The following is considered congenital malformation of the kidney except
Abnormalities in shape & position of the kidney include the following except
CLINICAL manifestation of hydronephrosis include the following except
Dysgenesis of the Kidney include the following except
which of the following is considered congenital malformation of the kidney that cause oligohydraminous
Which of the following renal tumor is benign?
One of urinary schistosomiasis symptoms is
Nocturnal enuresis in children is commonly caused by
Furosemide acts by inhibiting the following in the renal tubular cell
Thiazide diuretics and furosemide have directionally opposite effect on the net renal excretion of the following substance
Spironolactone can be characterized by which one of the following statements?
Intravenous furosemide promptly mitigates dyspnoea in acute left ventricular failure by
Which of the following diuretics would be most useful in the acute treatment of a comatose patient with traumatic brain injury and cerebral edema?
Which of the following is an important effect of chronic therapy with loop diuretics?
......... is the commonest urinary pathogen causing 60-90% of infections.
Urinary tract infections occur more frequently in women than men due to
………..infections are usually found in sexually active young women.
............. infections are associated with renal stones.
Which of the following fluid compartments contains the smallest volume of water?
The predominant intracellular cation is
Water moves back and forth across the plastoa membrane by the process of
Patient of hemodialysis, presents with cold and numb hand, he underwent brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistula (AVF) formation 3 weeks back, what should be the next step?
Patient on hemodialysis, evaluated for hip pain, plain X-ray shows stress fracture, Cal high, phosphorus normal, alkaline phosphatase low normal, PTH low. What is your impression?
As per the "fixed particle theory" of stone formation
Worldwide, the commonest type of urinary stones is
What is false concerning cystine stones?
What stones are radiopaque on plain X-ray film?
Which type of renal stone crystals is known as "coffin lid"?
Aldosterone hormone increases Na+ reabsorption from which of the following part of the nephron
Which of the following is not a function of the kidney?
The juxtaglomerular cells of the JGA secrete
Micturition reflex
The tubular fluid is iso-osmotic at the end of
Which of the following parts of the nephron shows the highest osmolarity?
It is correct to say
The renal threshold for glucose is
H-secretion in the distal tubule and collecting ducts occurs as long as the pH of the tubular fluid is above
is the ratio of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to the renal plasma flow (RPF)
Glomerular filtrate is similar to plasma in
Which one of the following most likely causes Increase in GFR
Increased GFR is caused by
Renin is secreted by cells in
Which of the following does not form glomerular membrane in nephrons?
Child with generalized edema and protein-urea 6g per day, which part of the kidney involved
Protein cannot cross glomeruli because
Glucose is absorbed in renal tubules through
In the presence of ADH, in which segment filtrate will be isotonic to plasma
Which of following is not absorbed in PCT?
Right kidney related directly to the following
Apex of urinary bladder attached to umbilicus by
The most dilatable part of urethra is
Metanephric part (meta-nephero-genic cap) gives rise to the following
One of the following is anomaly of bladder
The pelvic part of ureter in female is crossed by
Trigon of bladder develops from absorption of
The length of female urethra is
Which of the followings is the electron microscopic finding seen in the glomeruli of a child with nephrotic syndrome?
Which of the following renal tumor is malignant?
Which of the following is false about Wilms tumor?
Which of the following glomerulonephritis is usually associated with pulmonary hemorrhage?
Furosemide belongs to
Thiazide diuretics enhance K elimination in urine primarily by
Select the diuretic that can cause gynecomastia, hirsutism and menstrual disturbance as a side effect on long-term use
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