Quiz: Embryology

1) Regarding definitions related to Embryology, following are true EXCEPT:

A A. Study of the developing human being during intrauterine life B B. Conceptus: from fertilization to end of 2nd week C C. Embryo; from the 3rd week to the 8th week or developing D D. Adolescence is characterized by rapid physical and sexual maturation.

2) Regarding definitions related to Emboly, following are true EXCEPT:

A A. Prenatal period; main developmental changes occurring before birth. B B. Postnatal period; the changes occurring after birth. C C. Infancy; the curliest period of extrauterine life; roughly the first year after birth. D D. An infant aged 1 month or more is called a newborn or neonate.

3) Regarding definitions related to Embryology following are true EXCEPT.

A A. A Primordium; first indication of an organ or structure B B. Childhood; period from 3 months age until puberty C C. Puberty means sexual maturity. D D. Primary(deciduous) teeth appear in any.

4) Regarding Embryology, following are true EXCEPT :

A A. Embryology helps in creation of fertilized egg. B B. Embryology helps in identifying risk factors for genetic diseases. C C. Theory of preformation; each human sperm is already a person in waiting. D D. Nondisjunction occurs most commonly during mitosis.

1. Following are secondary sex organs EXCEPT:

A A. Uterine tubes B B. Uterus C C. Ovaries D D. Vagina

2. Regarding function of the female genital organs, followings are true EXCEPT

A A. Vagina is the site of insemination. B B. Uterus produces the follicle stimulating hormone C C. Ovary produces the ovum D D. Ovum travels toward the uterus through the uterine tube

3. Regarding function of female genital organs, following are true EXCEPT :

A A. Ovary; primary sex organ B B. Uterine tube; site of fertilization C C. Uterus; site of implantation D D. Vulva; secretion of progesterone

4. Wall of uterus is formed of following layer :

A A. Epimetrium B A. Epimetrium C C. Myometrium D D. All the above

5. Regarding the male sex organs, followings are true EXCEPT :

A a. Seminal vesicles produce testosterone. B b. Scrotum regulates the testicular temperature. C c. Testicles produce the sperms. D d. Epididymis is a site sperm maturation.

6. Regarding the number of chromosomes, all are true EXCEPT :

A a. Type A spermatogonium has a diploid number of chromosomes. B b. Type B spermatogonium has a diploid number of chromosomes. C c. Primary spermatocyte has a diploid number of chromosomes. D b. Type B spermatogonium has a diploid number of chromosomes.

7. Part of the sperm containing proteolytic enzymes to digest zona pellucida is.

A A. Body B B. Head C C. Acrosome D D. Tail

8. Capacitation of the sperm :

A a. Caused by the zona pellucida. B b. Occurs in the male. C c. Prevents polyspermy. D d. Essential for fertilization

9. Followings are functions of Sertoli cells EXCEPT :

A A. Support the germ cells. B B. Protect the germ cells. C C. Production of the germ cells D D. Participate in nutrition of the germ cells.

10.Following are abnormal male germ cells EXCEPT:

A A. Abnormal head B B. Dwarf C C. Giant D D. None of the above

1. Following statements are false EXCEPT :

A A. Spermatogenesis is transformation of spermatogonia into spermatozoa. B B. Primordial germ cells differentiate into spermatids. C C. Spermatogonia are continuous reserve of cells by meiotic division. D D. Spermatogonia differentiate into primary spermatocytes.

2. Spermiogenesis :

A A. Starts before birth. B B. Primary spermatocytes have a haploid number of chromosomes. C C. Process by which spermatid is transformed into a mature sperm. D D. Occurs in the seminal vesicles.

3. Regarding spermatogenesis, following are true EXCEPT :

A a. Transformation of spermatids into spermatozoa B b. Formation of the acrosome C c. Condensation of the nucleus D d. Losing most of the cytoplasm.

4. Regarding spermiogenesis, following are true EXCEPT:

A a. Formation of acrosome which covers all the nuclear surface. B B. Shedding of most of the cytoplasm C C. Condensation of the nucleus . D D. Formation of neck, middle piece, and tail .

5. Regarding spermiogenesis, following are true EXCEPT:

A a. Series of changes resulting in transformation of spermatids into spermatozoa B b. In humans, the time required for a spermatogonium to develop into a mature spermatozoon is 44 days. C c. When fully formed, spermatozoa enter the lumen of seminiferous tubules. D d. Spermatozoa pushed in epididymis by contractile wall of seminiferous tubules.

6. Following statements are true EXCEPT:

A A. During ovulation, there is decrease in basal body temperature. B B. During ovulation, there is feeling of slight pain (middle pain) C C. Low level of gonadotropin may cause infertility. D D. Administration of agent to stimulate gonadotropin release, hence ovulation.

7. All the following are true EXCEPT:

A A. Results of mitotic cell division are not identical. B B. Results of meiotic cell division are not identical. C C. DNA replication occurs in both types of cells division. D D. Meiotic cell division occurs in male and female germ cells.

8. Regarding to the primordial germ cells, followings are true EXCEPT:

A A. Arise outside the gonads. B B. Migrate into the gonads during early embryonic development. C C. Give rise to ovary in the female. D D. Earliest precursors of gametes

9. Following statements are true EXCEPT:

A A. If fertilization does not occur corpus luteum forms corpus albicans. B B. If fertilization occurs, corpus luteum forms corpus luteum of pregnancy. C C. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone acts on the posterior pituitary gland. D D. Low level of gonadotropin may cause sterility.

10.Regarding spermiogenesis, following statements are true EXCEPT:

A A. Acrosome formation B B. Condensation of the nucleus C C. Formation of neck, middle piece and tail D D. None of the above

11.Regarding secretory phase of uterine cycle, one statement is WRONG:

A A. Occurs from day 14-28 of uterine period. B B. Stimulated by progesterone. C C. Basal layer of endometrium is responsible for regeneration. D D. Characterized by atrophy of endometrial glands.

12.Regarding mechanism of ovulation, one statement is WRONG:

A A. Surface of ovary starts to bulge locally. B B. Formation of avascular spot (stigma) C C. Decrease in antral fluid pressure. D D. Increase in LH causes primary oocyte to complete meiosis I and the follicle to enter preovulatory stage.

13.Regarding menstrual phase of uterine cycle, one statement is WRONG:

A A. If oocyte is fertilized. B B. Occurs from day 0- 4 of uterine cycle. C C. Menstruation is shedding of the compact and spongy layers of the endometrium. D D. Blood escapes from superficial arteries with small pieces of stroma and glands

14.Gonadotropins are secreted by which one of following organs:

A A. Hypothalamus B B. Anterior pituitary gland C C. Ovary D D. Uterus

15.Regarding estrogens, followings are true EXCEPT:

A A. Produced by granulosa cells. B B. Produced by thecal cells. C C. Cause uterine endometrium to enter follicular or proliferative phase. D D. Cause thickening of cervical mucus to prevent passage of sperm.

16.Following statements are false EXCEPT:

A A. Meiosis I is completed only if oocyte is fertilized. B B. Oocyte will degenerate 24 hours after ovulation. C C. Granuloza cells and oocyte secrete zona pellucida. D D. Ovarian cycle is monthly cyclic changes in the ovary.

17.Regarding LH surge, following are true EXCEPT:

A A. Secreted by the pituitary gland. B B. Occurs at mid ovarian cycle. C C. Decreases concentrations of maturation-promoting factor D D. Stimulates production of progesterone by follicular stromal cells.

18.Regarding proliferative phase of uterine cycle, one statement is WRONG:

A A. Occurs from day 4- 14 of uterine cycle. B B. Corresponds to follicular phase of ovarian cycle. C C. Stimulated by progesterone hormone of ovary. D D. Characterized by repair of endometrium.

19.Following statements are true EXCEPT:

A A. In humans, the time required for a spermatogonium to develop into a mature spermatozoon is approximately 64 days. B B. When fully formed, spermatozoa enter the lumen of seminiferous tubules. C C. Pushed toward epididymis by contractile wall of seminiferous tubules. D D. Spermatozoa obtain full motility in the epididymis.

20.Regarding mechanism of ovulation, one statement is WRONG:

A A. Surface of ovary starts to bulge locally. B B. Formation of vascular spot C C. Increase in antral fluid pressure D D. High level of LH leads to increase activity of collagenase enzyme.

21.Regarding secretory phase of uterine cycle, one statement is WRONG:

A A. Begins approximately 2 to 3 days after ovulation. B B. Stimulated by progesterone produced by the corpus luteum. C C. Stimulated by estrogen hormone. D D. Compact layer of endometrium is responsible for regeneration.

22.Regarding Embryology, following are true EXCEPT:

A A. Embryology helps in creation of fertilized egg. B B. Embryology helps in identifying risk factors for genetic diseases. C C. Theory of preformation; each human sperm already a person in waiting D D. Nondisjunction occurs most commonly during mitosis.

23.Following are true, except:

A a. Results of mitotic cell division are identical. B b. Results of meiotic cell division are not identical. C c. DNA replication occurs in both types of cells division. D d. Meiotic cell division occurs in the somatic cells.

24.Followings are true, EXCEPT:

A A. Results of mitotic cell division are not identical. B B. Results of meiotic cell division are not identical. C C. DNA replication occur in both types of cells division. D D. Meiotic cell division occurs in germ cell.

25.Following are phases of uterine cycle EXCEPT:

A a. Menstrual B b. Luteal C c. Progestational D d. Proliferative

26.Regarding ovulation, following are true, EXCEPT:

A A. Days before it, there is an increase in the level of some hormones. B B. May be accompanied by some pain. C C. Both A and B are correct. D D. Generally accompanied by a drop in basal temperature.

27.Regarding second meiotic division, followings are true EXCEPT:

A a. Begins shortly after first meiotic division. B b. No DNA synthesis occurs in advance of this division. C c. Double-structured chromosomes in each cell split at the centromere. D d. Each daughter cell contains 23 single chromosomes; each are not different.

28.Regarding oogenesis followings are true EXCEPT:

A a. Follicular cells originate from surface epithelium covering the ovary. B b. Follicular cells are flat epithelial cells. C c. Some oogonia arrest division in prophase of meiosis 2 to form primary oocytes. D d. By fifth month of prenatal life, total number of germ cells in ovary reaches its maximum, estimated at 7 million.

29.Followings are stages of mitotic cell division EXCEPT:

A a. Prophase: chromosomes contract and condense. B b. Prometaphase: chromatids become invisible as individual units. C c. Metaphase: chromosomes line up in equatorial plane. D d. Anaphase: centromere divides, chromatid migrates to opposite pole of spindle.

1. Following events occur during first week of development, EXCEPT:

A A. Fertilization B B. Cleavage C C. Blastocyst formation D D. Amniotic cavity formation

2. Following events occur during first week of development EXCEPT:

A A. Fertilization B B. Cleavage C C. Blastocyst formation D D. Yolk cavity formation

3. Regarding fertilization, following are true EXCEPT:

A a. Male and female gametes fuse B b. Occurs in the isthmus of the uterine tube. C c. Sperm must undergo capacitation before it can fertilize the oocyte. D d. Sperm must undergo acrosome reaction before it can fertilize the oocyte.

4. Regarding fertilization, one statement is WRONG:

A A. Stop the cleavage process. B B. Restores the normal diploid number of chromosomes. C C. Determines the chromosomal sex of the embryo. D D. Stimulates the secondary oocyte to complete the 2nd meiotic division.

5. Regarding fertilization, following are true EXCEPT:

A A. Male and female gametes fuse B B. Occurs in the isthmus of the uterine tube. C C. Sperm must undergo capacitation before it can fertilize the oocyte. D D. Sperm must undergo acrosome reaction before it can fertilize the oocyte.

6. Regarding fertilization, one statement is WRONG:

A A. Stop the cleavage process. B B. Restores the normal diploid number of chromosomes. C C. Determines the chromosomal sex of the embryo. D D. Stimulates the secondary oocyte to complete the 2nd meiotic division.

7. Following are abnormal sites of implantation EXCEPT:

A A. Ovary B B. Peritoneum C C. Fallopian tube D D. Body of the uterus

8. Following are abnormal sites extrauterine of implantation EXCEPT:

A A. Surface of ovary B B. Pelvic peritoneum C C. Uterine tube D D. Fundus of the uterus

9. Following is placenta anomaly due to abnormal site of implantation:

A a. Placenta duplex B b. Placenta fenestrata C c. Succenturiate placenta D d. Placenta previa

10.Following are abnormal sites of implantation EXCEPT:

A A. Implantation in body of uterus B B. Tubal implantation C C. Interstitial implantation D D. Implantation in region of internal os

11.Following events occur during second week of development EXCEPT:

A A. Complete implantation B B. Formation of morula C C. Primitive yolk sac formation D D. Amniotic cavity formation

12.Following are abnormal sites of implantation EXCEPT:

A A. Ovary B B. Peritoneum C C. Fallopian tube D D. Body of the uterus

13.Following is placenta anomaly due to abnormal site of implantation:

A A. Placenta duplex B B. Placenta fenestrata C C. Succenturiate placenta D D. Placenta previa

14.Early stages of cleavage are characteristics.

A A. Formation of the blastocyste B B. Formation of the zona pellucida C C. Increase in the size of the cells in the zygote D D. Increase in the number of cells in the zygote

15.Following events occur during second week of development EXCEPT:

A A. Complete implantation B B. Formation of morula C C. Primitive yolk sac formation D D. Amniotic cavity formation

16.Following events occur during second week of development EXCEPT:

A A. Complete implantation B B. Formation of morula C C. Primitive yolk sac formation D D. Amniotic cavity formation

17.Bilaminar germ disc is formed of following layers:

A a. Epiblast B b. Hypoblast C C. Trophoblast. D D. Both A and B

18.Following statements are true EXCEPT:

A A. Cytotrophoblast is inner layer of mononucleated cells B A. Cytotrophoblast is inner layer of mononucleated cells C C. Amniotic cavity appears within hypoblast D D. Hypoblast layer is formed of cuboidal cells

19.Following events occur during second week of development EXCEPT:

A A. Complete implantation B B. Formation of morula C C. Primitive yolk sac formation D D. Amniotic cavity formation

20.Regarding decidua, following are true EXCEPT:

A A. Myometrium of the pregnant uterus B B. Functional layer of endometrium shed during parturition. C C. Decidua basalis; immediately deep to implanted ovum. D D. Decidua capsularis; covering developing embryo.

21.Following statements are true EXCEPT:

A A. Oligohydramnios means amniotic fluid is more than one liter. B B. Gastrulation means formation of the three germ layers. C C. Decidua basalis is maternal portion of the placenta. D D. Notochordal plate is part of the endoderm.

22.Following are parts of the decidua EXCEPT:

A A. Capsularis B B. Basalis C C. Centralis D D. Parietalis

23.Zona pellucida appears by light microscopy as a translucent membrane surrounding

A A. Primary oocyte B B. Zygote C C. Morula D D. All of the above

1) Each somite forms following, EXCEPT

A A. Sclerotome B Notochord C C. Dermatome D D. Myotome

2) Neural crest gives rise to the following structures EXCEPT:

A a. Autonomic ganglia B b. Dorsal root ganglia C c. Brain D d. Suprarenal medulla

3) Neural crest gives rise to the following structures EXCEPT:

A a. Melanocytes B b. Sympathetic chain C c. Conotruncal septum in the heart D d. Suprarenal cortex

4) Neural crest gives rise to the following structures EXCEPT:

A a. Skeletal muscles B b. Parasympathetic ganglia of the gastrointestinal tract C c. Connective tissue of the face D d. C cells of the thyroid gland

5) Regarding crest cells migration, followings are true EXCEPT:

A A. Dorsal pathway to give melanocytes in skin and hair follicles B B. Ventral pathway to give rise to sensory ganglia C C. Neural crest cells from cranial neuropore give rise to cells of adrenal medulla D D. Otic placode will diferentiate into otic vesicles

6) Following structures developed from mesoderm EXCEPT:

A a. Skeletal muscles B b. Pancreas C c. Spleen D d. Kidney

7) Following structures are derived from ectoderm, EXCEPT:

A a. Epithelium of upper half of anal canal. B b. Nervous tissue C c. Anterior lobe of pituitary gland D d. Lens

8) Following are results of folding EXCEPT

A a. Embryo acquires a shape. B b. Brain forms the most cephalic part of embryo. C c. Heart become dorsal in position. D d. Septum transversarium becomes ventral in position.

1. Following are fetal functions of amnion, EXCEPT:

A a. Nutrition B b. Forms adhesions between different parts of the embryo C c. Allows fetal movements. D d. Protection against external trauma

2. Following are fetal functions during labour of amnion, EXCEPT :

A a. Forms bag of waters B b. Helps dilatation of cervix. C c. Pushes out the mucous which closes the cervical canal D d. Acts as natural septic of the birth canal

3. Regarding bizygotic twins, following are true EXCEPT :

A A. Constitutes about three quarters of multiple pregnancies B B. Two ova are ovulated nearly at same time C C. Each will be fertilized by a separate sperm D D. The two babies have the same genetic constitutions

4. Regarding monozygotic twins, following are true EXCEPT :

A A. May be of the same or different sex B B. Occurs when one fertilized ovum splits into two or more embryos C C. Splitting at two cell stage; two embryos will have separated chorionic sac D D. If splitting occur later; two embryos may share something in common

1. Regarding the fetal membranes, following are true, EXCEPT :

A A. Allantois is a diverticulum from the caudal part of the yolk sac. B B. Umbilical cord connects the fetus to the placenta. C C. Connective tissue of the umbilical cord is called Warton’s Jelly D D. Umbilical cord usually has two veins and one artery.

1. Regarding the fetal membranes, following are true, EXCEPT :

A A. Allantois is a diverticulum from the caudal part of the yolk sac. B B. Umbilical cord connects the fetus to the placenta. C C. Connective tissue of the umbilical cord is called Warton’s Jelly D D. Umbilical cord usually has two veins and one artery.

2. Following are fetal membranes EXCEPT:

A A. Decidua B B. Chorion C C. Amnion D D. Umbilical cord

3. Following are fetal membranes EXCEPT:

A A. Placenta B B. Chorion C C. Neural crest D D. Connecting stalk.

4. Following structures are fetal membranes EXCEPT:

A A. Amnion B B. Neural tube C C. Connecting stalk. D D. Allantois

5. Following structures are fetal membranes EXCEPT:

A a. Amnion B b. Yolk sac C c. Primitive node D d. Allantois

6. Following structures are fetal membranes EXCEPT:

A a. Amnion B b. Yolk sac C C. Notochord. D D. Allantois

7. Regarding the fetal membranes, following are true, EXCEPT:

A a. Allantois is a diverticulum from the caudal part of the yolk sac B b. Umbilical cord connects the fetus to the placenta C c. Connective tissue of the umbilical cord is called Warton’s Jelly D d. Umbilical cord usually has two veins and one artery

8. Vitelline duct connects the yolk sac with:

A A. Foregut B B. Midgut C C. Hindgut D D. Urachus

9. Regarding the amniochorionic membrane, following are true EXCEPT:

A A. Results from fusion of amnion and chorion B B. Results in obliteration of the chorionic cavity C C. Ruptures during labour D D. None of the above

10.Regarding the chorion, following are true EXCEPT:

A A. Membrane formed of trophoblast and its lining mesoderm B B. Primary villi; formed only of trophoblast. C C. Secondary villi; formed of trophoblast and extraembryonic mesoderm. D D. Chorion leave: results from regeneration of villi

11.Regarding the chorion frondosum, following are true EXCEPT:

A A. Results from continuous growth of villi B B. Increase in size and complexity on the abembryonic pole C C. Lies opposite decidua basalis as pregnancy advance. D D. Fetal part of placenta

12.Followings are correct EXCEPT:

A A. Epiplast, through gastrulation, gives ectoderm B B. Epiplast, through gastrulation, gives mesoderm C C. Epiplast, through gastrulation, gives endoderm D D. Epiplast does not involve in gastrulation

13.Following are functions of placenta EXCEPT:

A A. Nutrition B B. Respiration C C. Excretion D D. Attaching fetus to mother.

14.Following are anomalies of placenta EXCEPT:

A A. Velamentous insertion B B. Battledore placenta C C. Succenturiate placenta D D. Oligohydramnios

15.Regarding full term placenta, following are true EXCEPT:

A A. Increase in surface due to further penetration into maternal tissue. B B. Covered 25 % of internal surface of uterus at any time C C. Increase in thickness as a result of arborization of villi D D. Discoid in shape 20 X 3 Cm

16.Placental membrane is formed of following EXCEPT:

A A. Endothelial lining of fetal vessels B B. Connective tissue in villous core C C. Cytotrophoblastic layer D D. Chorionic plate

17.In placenta previa, the placenta is located:

A A. At surface of the ovary B B. Close to the internal os of the cervix C C. In the uterine tube D D. In peritoneal cavity

18.Following is placenta anomaly due to abnormal site of implantation:

A A. Placenta duplex B B. Placenta fenestrata C C. Succenturiate placenta D D. Placenta previa

19.Following are fetal membranes EXCEPT:

A A. Placenta B B. Chorion C C. Neural crest D D. Connecting stalk

20.Followings are types of placenta previa EXCEPT:

A A. Placenta previa lateralis B B. Placenta previa marginalis C C. Placenta previa centralis D D. None of the above

21.Regarding abnormal placental attachment, followings are true EXCEPT:

A A. Defined according to the depth of invasion B B. Placenta accreta; chorionic villi attach to the perimetrium C C. Placenta increta; chorionic villi invade into the myometrium D D. Placenta percreta: chorionic villi invade through the myometrium

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