Quiz: NEURO PEDIATRIC

1-All of the following can cause macrocephaly except:

A a. Hydrocephalus. B b. Achondroplasia C c. $ Down. D d. Megalencephaly.

2-All of the following are signs of hydrocephalus in a month old infant except:

A Upward deviation or rolling of eyes. B b. Wide anterior fontanel. C c. Prominent scalp veins. D d. Separation of sutures.

3- The most common cause of obstructive hydrocephalus in an infant is

A Dandy-Walker syndrome. B b. Meningitis. C Arnold-Chiari malformation. D d. Aqueductal stenosis.

Which one of the following is a cause of communicating hydrocephalus:

A Vein of Galen malformation. B Dandy-Walker syndrome. C c. C. Arnold-Chiari malformation. D d. Posterior fossa subdural hematoma.

6-7 An infant is born with hydrocephalus. CT studies demonstrate herniation of the cerebellum into the spinal canal, This is an example of which of the following?

A Arnold Chiari malformation. B b. Holoprosencephaly. C c. Lissencephaly. D d. Porencephaly.

1- The association between hydrocephalus and meningocele is diagnosed as:

A A. Dandy Walker malformation B B. Arnold Chiari malformation C C. Obstruction at duct of Sylvius D D. Obliteration of foramina of Lustka and Magend

7 In hydrocephalus during the first year of life there is: Progressive enlargement of the head

A a) Delayed closure of fontanels B Widely separated sutures C G Sunset appearance of the eyes D d) All of the above

An infant is born with hydrocephalus. CT studies demonstrate herniation of the cerebellum into the spinal canal. This is an example of which of the following?

A Arnold Chiari malformation B B- Holoprosencephaly C C- Lissencephaly D - D-Porencephaly

The most common cause of obstructive hydrocephalus in an infant is:

A Dandy-Walker syndrome. B b. Meningitis. C c. Arnold-Chiari malformation. D d. Aqueductal stenosis

All are causes of macrocranium except:

A a. A Rickets B b. Hydrocephalus C c. Chronic subdural hematoma D d. Craniosynostosis

region are the most common sites for spina bifida?

A a. Lumbosacral B b. Cervicothoracic C c. Cervical D d. Lumbar

9 year old child suffers from an acute onset weakness which initially started in the lower limbs and was preceeded 3 weeks earlier by a respiratoy tract infection. On examination there is hypotonia and hyporeflexia of both lower limbs. There is no .history of convulsions ;The most likely diagnosis is

A A. Brain tumour B B. Poliomyelitis C C. Guillan-barre syndrome D D. Werding hoffman syndrome

9 year old child suffers from an acute onset weakness which initially started in the lower limbs and was preceeded 3 weeks earlier by a respiratoy tract infection. On examination there is hypotonia and hyporeflexia of both lower limbs. There is no .history of convulsions ;The most likely diagnosis is

A A. Brain tumour B B. Poliomyelitis C C. Guillan-barre syndrome D D. Werding hoffman syndrome

A child present with irritability and neck rigidity and when CSF analysis done it showed clear CSF fluid and WBCs count 150/HPF, 30% are polymorphs and 60% are lymphocytes , The :diagnosis is

A Viral meningitis B Bacterial meningitis C Brain tumor D non of the bove

A 2 week old infant develops fever, 38.9 C, vomiting, and irritability. His heart rate is 170/min, and RR is 40/min. The infants anterior fontanelle is full, but there is no nuchal (neck-related) rigidity. The rest of examination is .unremarkable What is the appropriate management ?

A Oral fluid and follow up in 24 hr B Oral amoxicillin and follow up in 1 week C C. Admission to hospital for investigation and ttt D D. IM Ceftriaxone and follow up in 1 week

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings in bacterial meningitis include all of the following, except: a

A a) Increased CSF glucose B b) Increased CSF protein C Increased CSF cells D Most of CSF cells are polymorph nuclear leucocytes

CSF examination of bacterial meningitis classically shows:

A Clear appearance. B Lymphocytosis C Normal glucose level. D Increased protein level.

Positive Kernig's sign in a child with meningitis means:

A If the neck is flexed, hips and knee will be flexed. B If the neck is flexed, hips and knee will be extended. C c. Inability to straighten the leg when the hip is flexed to 90 degrees. D d. Inability to straighten the leg when the hip is flexed to 45 degrees.

19. In a child with encephalitis, which of the following viruses has special predilection to temporal lobes:

A a. Herpes simplex virus. B b. Rabies virus. C c. Mumps virus. D d. Measles virus.

the following are clinical types of altered mental state:

A a) coma B b) lethargy C c) confusion D d) all of the above

the following are structural causes of altered mental state except:

A a) hydrocephalus B tumors C c) infection D d) cerebral vein thrombosis the minimal score of GCS:

the minimal score of GCS:

A 4 B b) 3 C c) 2 D d) 1

in a child with altered mental state we need CT in case of

A a) signs of increased ICP B b) chronic coma C c) alcohol ingestion D d) hypoglycemia

The most common metabolic disorder presenting with alteration. of consciousness is :

A a) Amyloidosis B b) In born errors of metabolism C c) DKA D Galactosemia

a state in which a person is unresponsive to all stimuli including Pain :

A Consciousness B b) coma C Stupor D Lethargy

All of Following agents cause alteration in level of consciousness except :

A Amphetamine B cocaine C Haloperidol D propranolol

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings in bacterial meningitis include all of the following, except:

A Increased CSF glucose B Increased CSF proteins C Increased CSF cells D Most of CSF cells are polymorph nuclear leucocytes

Which type of CP is more likely after kernicterus :

A Mixed B Spastic Hemiplegia C Athetoid D Ataxic hypotonic

Which of the following is the term for bilateral lower extremity, spasticity, which may be seen in cerebral palsy :

A Paraparesis B Hemiplegia C Quadriplegia D Seizure

Lower Motor neuron lesions is caused by all of the following except

A congenital myopathy B Neuropathy C cerebral palsy D Spinal muscle atrophy

Which is another term for spastic cerebral palsy?

A a. Pyramidal B Extrapyramidal C Ataxic D Dyskinetic

What type of spastic CP only affects a single leg or arm?

A Monoplegia B Hemiplegia C Triplegia D Quadriplegia

All of the following may be normal in cerebral palsy, except

A a. Cognitive abilities. B b. Sensory functions. C c. Motor functions. D d. Auditory functions.

21. Cerebral palsy description is as follows, except: (S

A Progressive motor deficit. B Non progressive motor deformity C Perinatal insult. D Maybe associated with convulsions.

The poliovirus infection is spread through

A breastfeeding B fecal-oral route C placental route D sexual route

1. Causative agent of Poliomyelitis

A Polio virus B Orthomyxovirus C Varicella virus D Flavivirus

43) Predisposing factors for paralysis in poliomyel include:

A Steroid therapy B Intramuscular injection C Trauma to the muscle D All of the above

29) Which is a characteristic clinical manifestation of Duchenne muscular dystrophy? :

A Cardiomyopathy B Intellectual impairment C Positive Gower sign D All of the above

4- A previously healthy 3-month-old infant develops generalized weakness with difficulty in sucking, swallowing, and crying, and labored breathing. No fever is present, which study will most likely provide the diagnosis? :

A stool culture B blood culture C head CT-scan D nerve conduction velocity testing

5- which of the following is characteristic of GBS?

A paralysis is descending B Degeneration of the anterior horn cells C Loss of motor function within weeks. D The CSF examination 2 weeks after paralysis shows increased proteins.

6- Manifestations of post-diphtheritic palatal and pharyngeal paralisis include all of the following except:

A a) Difficult swallowing B b) Exaggerated jaw reflex C c) Absent palatal and pharyngeal reflexes D d) ually occurs on the 3rd week of the disease

7- In Guillain-Barre syndrome all are true except :

A Pattern of paralysis is usually ascending B Paralysis is flaccid C Absent deep tendon reflexe D CSF shows increased neutrophils and normal protein level

The following investigations can help confirm the diagnosis of Guillain pare syndrome except

A CT brain B CSF analysis C Nerve biopsy D MRI of the cauda equina region

9- Werdnig Hoffmann is characterized by all of the following except

A a. X-linked recessive disorder. B Respiratory paralysis. C Tongue fasciculations. D Normal mentality.

10- An Infant with severe hupotente due to werdrig Holiman dibe aga ise

A Seizures B Normal deep tendon reflexe C c) Fasciculations of the tongue D d) Recurrent fevers

One of the following is not a feature of warding Hoffman disease:

A Muscle wasting B Progressive hypotonia C Mental retardation D Chocking and dysphagia

Predisposing factors for paral-sis in polio realitie ir aberr

A Intramuscular injection B Steroid therap C Tonsillectomy D All of the above

13Guillain Barre syndrome (Post infectious polyneuropathy) Is, manifeste by

A Acute onset and usually regressive course B Flaccid paralysis in an ascending manner C Bilateral symmetrical distribution D All of the above

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