Quiz: Physiology

Regarding dead space one of the following is correct.

A A- It increases by vagal stimulation. B B- Decreased with aging, C C- Physiological dead space equals to alveolar dead space. D D- The alveolar dead space always pathological.

2-Concerning pulmonary surfactant which of the following is correct?

A A- It is formed by vascular endothelium of pulmonary capillaries. B B- Secreted by type II alveolar epithelium. C C- It is composed of protein only. D D- It increases the surface tension of alveolar fluid.

3- Oxygen therapy is most beneficial in which of the following situations normal lung function?

A A. Cyanide poisoning B B. High altitude. C C. Anemia. D D. CO2 retention.

4 -Regarding lung compliance one of the following is correct

A A. Increased with pulmonary fibrosis . B B. Decreased in emphysema . C C. Increased in pneumothorax . D D. Decreased with pulmonary congestion.

5- Which of this statement! about intrapulmonary pressure and intraoral pressure Is true.

A a. The intrapulmonary pressure is always sub atmospheric. B b. The intrapleural pressure is always greater than the intrapulmonary pressure. C c. The intrapulmonary pressure is greater than the intrapleural pressure. D d. The intrapleural pressure equals the atmospheric pressure

6. Which of these would be most affected by a decrease in the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen?

A A. Arterial P O 2 B B. Arterial percent oxyhemoglobin saturation C C. Venous oxyhemoglobin saturation. D D. Arterial P CO 2

7. If a person with normal lung function were to hyperventilate for several seconds, there would be a significant

A a. increase in the arterial P O 2. B b. decrease in the arterial P CO 2. C c. increase in the arterial percent oxyhemoglobin saturation. D d. decrease in the arterial pH.

9 -The affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen fa decreased under conditions of

A b. fever . B c. anemia . C d. acclimatization to a high altitude . D e. All of these .

10 .The chemoreceptors in the medulla are directly stimulated by

A a. CO2 from the blood . B b. H+ from the blood . C c. c. H+ in cerebrospinal fluid that is derived from blood CO2 . D d. decreased arterial P 0 2

11). Concerning expiration in normal quiet respiration which of the following is correct

A A- Caused by contraction of external intercostal muscles . B B- Makes the intrapleural pressure more negative . C C- It is an active process . D D- Makes the intrapleural pressure less negative .

12 -Regarding lung volumes and capacities one of the following is correct .

A A- Not all lung volumes can be measured by spirometers . B B- Tidal volume equal to 800 ml in adult man . C C- Vital capacity equals to tidal volume + residual volume . D D- Residual volume equals to 1200 ml .

13 -Concerning hypoxia which of the following is correct ?

A A- Carbon monoxide poisoning causes anemic hypoxia . B B- Oxygen therapy is very useful in histotoxic hypoxia . C C- The arterial 02 content in anemic hypoxia is normal . D D- Heart failure can cause hypoxic hypoxia .

14 -Regarding Orthopnea one of the following is correct .

A A- Caused by decrease pulmonary blood flow . B B- Caused by right heart failure . C C- Caused by chronic obstructive lung disease . D D- Caused by left ventricular failure .

15 -Concerning work of breathing which of the following is correct ?

A A- Decreased in bronchial asthma . B B- Decreased in lung fibrosis , C C- Increased with increasing compliance . D D- Decreased with increasing surfactant.

16 -Regarding Caissons disease one of the following is correct

A A- Results from sudden compression . B B- Reused spontaneously without treatment . C C- Causes pain in joint and muscles . D D- Caused by excessive solubility of carbon dioxide .

17 -Concerning regulation of arterial blood pressure which of the following is correct ?

A A- CNS ischemic response concerned with long term mechanism . B B- Respiratory reflexes concerned with short term mechanism . C C- The arterial baroreceptors concerned with intermediate term mechanism . D D- The renin-angiotensin system concerned with intermediate and longterm mechanism .

18 - -The physiological dead space is :

A A. Sometimes measured using the arterial po2 . B B. Generally smaller than the anatomic dead space . C C. Often increased in lung disease . D D. Equal to alveolar dead space .

19 - Stagnant hypoxia is due to :

A A. Ascending to high altitude . B B. CO poisoning C C. An increase in blood flow . D D. A decrease in blood flow .

20 -Which of the following is NOT a function of the lungs ?

A A. Metabolism B B. Sen es as a reservoir of blood for the left ventricle . C C. it is a filter to protect the systemic vasculature. or Facilitates the exchange of 02 and C02 between air and blood . D All of the above are true

21 .Which of the following is the first branching of the bronchial tree that has gas exchanging capabilities ?

A A. Terminal bronchioles . B B. Respiratory bronchioles . C C Alveoli D E. segmental bronchi

22.Which of the following represents the pressure difference that acts to distend the lungs?

A 4 Alveolar pressure B Airway opening pressure C C Transthoracic pressure D Transpulmonary pressure

23. If a patient had a progressive lung disease that required an ever increasing pressure to fill the same volume of lung, how would the lung’s compliance be affected?

A A. It would increase it. B 3. It would stay the same. C C. It would decrease it. D D. These variables do not affect lung compliance.

24. An asthma sufferer finds she has to breathe at twice her normal rate. How does that affect her dynamic compliance?

A A. It stays the same. B B. It decreases. C C. It increases. D Static compliance, not dynamic, is the variable affected by asthma.

1-Regarding dead space one of the following is correct.

A A- It increases by vagal stimulation B B- Decreased with aging, C C- Physiological dead space equals to alveolar dead space. D D- The alveolar dead space always pathological.

2-Concerning pulmonary surfactant which of the following is correct?

A A- It increases by vagal stimulation B B- Secreted by type II alveolar epithelium. C C- It is composed of protein only. D D- It increases the surface tension of alveolar fluid.

3- Oxygen therapy is most beneficial in which of the following situations normal lung function?

A A. Cyanide poisoning B B. High altitude. C C. Anemia. D D. CO2 retention.

4- Regarding lung compliance one of the following is correct

A A. Increased with pulmonary fibrosis . B B. Decreased in emphysema . C C. Increased in pneumothorax . D D. Decreased with pulmonary congestion.

5- Which of this statement! about intrapulmonary pressure and intraoral pressure Is true.

A a. The intrapulmonary pressure is always sub atmospheric. B b. The intrapleural pressure is always greater than the intrapulmonary pressure. C c. The intrapulmonary pressure is greater than the intrapleural D d. The intrapleural pressure equals the atmospheric pressure.

6. Which of these would be most affected by a decrease in the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen?

A A. Arterial P O 2 B B. Arterial percent oxyhemoglobin saturation C C. Venous oxyhemoglobin saturation. D D. Arterial PCO2

7. If a person with normal lung function were to hyperventilate for several seconds, there would be a significant

A a. increase in the arterial P O 2. B b. decrease in the arterial P CO 2. C c. increase in the arterial percent oxyhemoglobin saturation. D d. decrease in the arterial pH.

8. If the transpulmonary pressure equals zero

A a. pneumothorax has probably occurred. B b. the lungs cannot inflate. C c. clastic recoil causes the lungs to collapse. D d. all of these apply.

9- The affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen fa decreased under conditions of

A a. acidosis B b. fever C c. anemia D d. all of these

10 .The chemoreceptors in the medulla are directly stimulated by

A a. CO2 from the blood . B b. H+ from the blood . C c. H+ in cerebrospinal fluid that is derived from blood CO2 . D d. decreased arterial P 0 2

11). Concerning expiration in normal quiet respiration which of the following is correct

A A- Caused by contraction of external intercostal muscles . B B- Makes the intrapleural pressure more negative . C C- It is an active process . D D- Makes the intrapleural pressure less negative .

12- Regarding lung volumes and capacities one of the following is correct .

A A- Not all lung volumes can be measured by spirometers . B B- Tidal volume equal to 800 ml in adult man . C C- Vital capacity equals to tidal volume + residual volume . D D- Residual volume equals to 1200 ml .

13- Concerning hypoxia which of the following is correct ?

A A- Carbon monoxide poisoning causes anemic hypoxia . B B- Oxygen therapy is very useful in histotoxic hypoxia . C C- The arterial 02 content in anemic hypoxia is normal . D D- Heart failure can cause hypoxic hypoxia .

14- Regarding Orthopnea one of the following is correct

A A- Caused by decrease pulmonary blood flow B B- Caused by right heart failure C C- Caused by chronic obstructive lung disease D D- Caused by left ventricular failure

15- Concerning work of breathing which of the following is correct ?

A A- Decreased in bronchial asthma B B- Decreased in lung fibrosis C C- Increased with increasing compliance D D- Decreased with increasing surfactant

16- Regarding Caissons disease one of the following is correct

A A- Results from sudden compression . B B- Reused spontaneously without treatment . C C- Causes pain in joint and muscles D D- Caused by excessive solubility of carbon dioxide

17- Concerning regulation of arterial blood pressure which of the following is correct ?

A A- CNS ischemic response concerned with long term mechanism . B B- Respiratory reflexes concerned with short term mechanism . C C- The arterial baroreceptors concerned with intermediate term mechanism . D D- The renin-angiotensin system concerned with intermediate and longterm mechanism .

18- -The physiological dead space is :

A A. Sometimes measured using the arterial po2 . B B. Generally smaller than the anatomic dead space . C C. Often increased in lung disease . D D. Equal to alveolar dead space .

19 - Stagnant hypoxia is due to :

A A. Ascending to high altitude B B. CO poisoning C C. An increase in blood flow . D D. A decrease in blood flow .

20- Which of the following is NOT a function of the lungs ?

A A. Metabolism B B. Sen es as a reservoir of blood for the left ventricle . C C. it is a filter to protect the systemic vasculature. D D. AU of the abo\e are true .

21 .Which of the following is the first branching of the bronchial tree that has gas exchanging capabilities ?

A A.Surfactant B B. Respiratory bronchioles . C C Alveoli D E. segmental bronchi

22.Which of the following represents the pressure difference that acts to distend the lungs?

A A.Alveolar pressure B B. Airway opening pressure. C C. Transthoracic pressure D d.Transpulmonary pressure

23. If a patient had a progressive lung disease that required an ever increasing pressure to fill the same volume of lung, how would the lung’s compliance be affected?

A A. It would increase it. B B.It would stay the same. C C. It would decrease it. D D. These variables do not affect lung compliance.

24. An asthma sufferer finds she has to breathe at twice her normal rate. How does that affect her dynamic compliance?

A A. It stays the same. B B. It decreases. C C. It increases. D D. Static compliance, not dynamic, is the variable affected by asthma.

25. According to the Law of Laplace, air should flow from the smaller alveoli to the larger, collapsing them. In the lungs, several factors counter that tendency, and stabilize the alveolar structures. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

A A.Surfactant lowers surface tension to a greater degree when it is on a smaller surface area, allowing the smaller alveoli to stay open. B B. Mechanical stability is given by surrounding alveoli. C C. Transpulmonary pressure is lower for smaller alveoli, allowing them to stabilize in comparison to the bigger ones. D D. Surface tension at the gas-liquid interface increases as alveolar surface area increases.

26. Which of the following is FALSE concerning the production and role of lung surfactant?

A A. It is part of a lipoprotein called dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl-choline. B B. It is synthesized by alveolar type U cells. C C. As the alveolar surface area decreases during the compression curve, the surfactant decreases the surface tension at a constant rate. D d- When surfactant density is decreased during expansion, surface tension initially rises rapidly, then slows down until it reaches the starting point.

27. Which of the following is NOT true concerning Respiratory distress in premature infants?

A A. Their ability to synthesize DPPC is limited. B B. Higher pressures are required to ventilate the lung. C C. Lung compliance is low. D D. Alveoli tend to overexpand and sometimes burst at the end of inspiration.

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