2) The structures taking part in the countercurrent exchange are as follows:

3) The following are non-glomerular blood vessels EXCEPT:

4) Prostatic part of male urethra is lined by:

4) Prostatic part of male urethra is lined by:

5) The afferent arterioles of the kidney arise from

6) Excess potassium should be avoided in patients treated by:

7) Patients receiving thiazides must receive a diet not rich in

8) High mountain sickness is avoided by:

9) The following potentiates the aminoglycosides-induced ototoxicity:-

10) Which of the following diuretics potentiate the parasympathomimetic effect of digitalis?

11) Aldosterone hormone increases Na+ reabsorption from which of the following part of the nephron:

12) Which of the following is not a function of the kidney:

13) Renin is secreted by cells in

14) A boy has edema due to protein loss of 3.5g in urine. What is the cause of Edema

15) In kidney select the best order of arteries

16) Normally all of the filtered glucose is reabsorbed:

17) Which of the following is most permeable to water?

18) The greatest amount of hydrogen ion secreted by the proximal tubule is associated with:

19) Nocturnal enuresis in children is commonly caused by:

20) Renal hydatid cyst can be diagnosed by:

21- All members of household should be treated simultaneously in infection with:

22) Chronic phase of urinary schistosomiasis:

23) National Institute of Health (NIH) is a swap for diagnosis of:

24)One of urinary schistosomiasis symptoms is:

25)In the pelvic cavity the ureter deviates medially at the level of …. To opens into the……………. Angle of the urinary bladder

26)Pronephros develops in… region.

27)The following statements concerning the left ureter are correct Except.

28)Which of the following gives rise to all structures of the kidney?

(29) One of the following arteries NOT supplies the urinary bladder

30) Regarding the urinary bladder in the female, the following are true EXCEPT

31) Which of the following. Enal tumor is benign?

32) Which of the following is true about clear cell variant of renal cell carcinoma (RCC)?

33) A palpable abdominal mass in a 2 years old child Cross the midline assoiated with hematuria the most propably diagnosis is

34- Which of the following tumori is associated with von Hippel-Lindau syndrome:

35) The following is NOT a type of renal stones:

36) Thyroidisation is a histologic feature of:

37) Leucocytic cast is important features in:

38) A patient with minimal change disease is least likely to have:

39) Routes of infection in pyelonephritis:

40) Clinical picture of nephrotic syndrome not include

41) The most common cause of acute renal failure

42) Abnormalities in shape & position of the kidney include the following except:

43) Which of the following is the least common microorganism isolated from urinary tract infections?

44) Acute Hemorrhagic Cystitis is most commonly caused by:

45) In mid-stream urine sample, the colony count that is significant to be UTI is:

46) The Virulence factors of Escherichia coli include all of the following EXEPT:

47) Which of the following factors increases the risk of infection?

48) Which of the following is a risk factor for UTI among aduits?

49) Sterile pyuria may be due to the following conditions EXEPT: