Quiz: Physiology

1. Which of these is true of the endocrine system?

A A. secretes hormones that are transported to target cells by blood B B. causes changes in metabolic activities C C. effects are prolonged D D. All of above are true.

2. Name the gland that is located at the base of the throat, just inferior to the laryngeal prominence (Adam's apple)

A A. Pituitary. B B. Pineal gland. C C. Hypothalamus. D D. Thyroid.

3. What gland is located just superior to the kidneys?

A A. Pituitary. B B. Adrenal. C C. Pancreas. D D. ovaries

4. In the pancreas, which are the cells that secrete insulin, decrease the blood levels of glucose.

A A. delta. B B. alpha. C C. beta. D D. F cell

5. The endocrine gland responsible for the body's circadian rhythm is the:

A A. Thymus gland. B B. Pineal gland. C C. Parathyroid gland. D D. Pituitary gland.

6. Endocrine glands differ from exocrine glands in that:

A A. Endocrine glands are ductless and exocrine glands release secretions at the body's surface or into ducts. B B. Endocrine glands release hormones, whereas exocrine glands release waste. C C. Endocrine glands are formed by epithelial tissue, but exocrine glands are primarily connective tissue. D D. Endocrine glands are all interconnected; whereas exocrine glands act completely independently.

7. Which of these is not an endocrine property?

A A. hormones reach targets through the blood B B. effects are slow and cyclic C C. rapid acting effects D D. effects caused by chemicals.

8. The primary target of the releasing and inhibiting hormones of the hypothalamus is the:

A A. Liver and adipose tissue B B. Gonads C C. Anterior pituitary D D. Bone marrow

9. Which of these is not an endocrine gland?

A A. Pancreas. B B. Testes. C C. Salivary gland. D D. Parathyroid.

10. Which is not a function of the hypothalamus?

A A. Affect heart rate B B. Control temperature C C. Affect water balance D D. Secrete FSH

11. Which if the following gland which can be classified as an endocrine and an exocrine gland?

A A. Thyroid. B B. Thymus. C C. Pancreas. D D. Pituitary.

12. Which of these hormones is made by the posterior pituitary?

A A. FSH B B. LH C C. ACTH D D. ADH

13. Which gland controls basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

A A. Thyroid. B B. Parathyroid. C C. Testes. D D. Pancreas.

14.How do hormones from the thyroid and parathyroid regulate the calcium concentration of the blood?

A A. Calcitonin lowers blood calcium; parathyroid hormone raises blood calcium. B B. Parathyroid hormone lowers blood calcium; calcitonin raises blood calcium. C C. Thyroxine and triiodothyronine together regulate calcium levels, as needs dictate. D D. Both parathroid hormone and the three thyroid hormones function to regulate blood calcium levels.

15. The posterior pituitary stores and releases:

A A. Growth hormone and prolactin. B B. Prolactin and oxytocin. C C. Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH). D D. ADH and growth hormone.

16. Which of the following hormones are responsible for the "fight-or-flight" response?

A A. Epinephrine and norepinephrine. B B. Insulin and glucagon. C C. Esrtogen and progesterone. D D. Thyroxin and melatonin.

17. The pituitary hormone that stimulates the male testes to produce sperm and stimulates the development of the follicle in the female on a monthly cycle is:

A A. growth hormone B B. luteinizing hormone C C. prolactin D D. follicle-stimulating hormone

18. Which hormones of the adrenal glands supplement the sex hormones from the gonads?

A A. Mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone B B. Glucocorticoids, such as cortisol C C. Gnadocorticoids, such as the androgens D D. Epinephrine and norepinephrine.

19. The clusters of cells in the pancreas that produce hormones are the:

A A. Nodules. B B. Islets of Langerhans. C C. Pancreatic medulla. D D. Pancreatic cortex.

20. The Glucagon is:

A A. accelerates the conversion of glycogen into glucose. B B. slows down glucose formation from lactic acide. C c.decreases the conversion of glycogen into glucose. D d.speeds up protein synthesis within cells.

21. Most hormones of the endocrine system are regulated by a:

A A. Negative feedback mechanism. B B. Positive feedback mechanism. C C. Hormone-receptor complex. D D. Hormone-gene complex.

22.Calcitonin is a hormone of which of following:

A A. Adrenal cortex. B B. Thyroid gland. C C. Pituitary gland. D D. Thymus gland.

23.Calcium level in the blood is regulated by the:

A A. Thyroid. B B. Parathyroid. C C. Posterior pituitary. D E. A and B.

24. All of the following are hormones of the anterior pituitary except:

A A. Human growth hormone (GH). B B. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). C C. Parathyroid hormone(PTH). D D. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).

25. The secretions from which of these glands differs between males and females?

A A. Adrenal. B B. Parathyroid. C C. Gonadal. D D. Pancreas.

26- The actions of growth hormones are:

A A. Directly on the bone and cartilage. B B. By the inter action of growth hormones and somatomedin C C. Dependent on nutrition of the body D D. Through Ca++

27- Extraadrenal actions of ACTH include:

A A. Stimulation of melanocytes B B. Eosinopenia C C. Both D D. Neither

28- Which of these hormones is not an anabolic hormone?

A A. Cortisol B B. Growth hormone C C. Insulin D D. Testosterone

29- Aldosterone seceretion is stimulated by:

A A. Hyponatraemia B B. Hyperkalaemia C C. Both D D. Neither

30- Vaniilylmandelic acid is a metabolite of:

A A. Thyroxine B B. Adrenaline C C. Glucagor D D. None of the above

31- Which of these horomones has no action in carbohydrate metabolism?

A A. Cortisol B B. Parathoromone C C. Glucagon D D. Adrenaline

32-What does luteinizing hormone , do in men and women?

A A- men.. supports sperm production, women..promotes egg development. B B-men .. promotes lutein production,women... promotes lutein production. C C-men stimulates interstitial cells of testes to produce sex hormones..women..induces ovulation ,promotes the ovarian secretion of estrogens and progestins ,prepares the body for pregnancy. D d. men-promotes melanin production, women - promotes melanin production.

33-All of the following are general functions of the Pituitary Gland EXCEPT:

A A. Growth B B. Breast Milk Production C C. Hair growth D D. Thyroid Function

34-The basic function of Oxytocin is to:

A A-Stimulate contraction of smooth muscle during birth and feeding B B-Stimulate restriction of blood flow to the brain during sleep C C-Inhibit the production of sweat during extreme temperatures D D-Inhibit the production of saliva

35- Glucagon is secreted by:

A A. Alpha cells of islets B B. Beta cells of islets C C. Delta cells of islets D D. F cells of islets

36- Pheochromocytoma is a tumour of:

A A. Adrenal medulla B B. Adrenal cortex C C. Testimony D D. Neurohypephysis

37- Hyperkalaemia stimulates:

A A. ADH secretion B B. ACTH secretion C C. PTH secretion D D. Aldosterone secretion

38- Exophthalmos is said to be due to the action of:

A A. T4 B B.T3 C C. TSH D D. LTS

39- In a surgically adrenalectomized patient pigmentation of the skin is due to:

A A. Increased MSH activity B B. Decreased cortisol levels in blood C C. Decreased ACTH levels in blood D D. MSH activity of increased ACTH level in blood

40- In untreated adrenalectomized animal death is due to:

A A. Mineral, corticoid deficiency B B. Glucocorticoid deficiency C C. Excess secretion of ACTH . D D. Catechol amine deficiency.

41- Hormones of protein in nature cannot be given orally EXCEPT:

A A. Adrenalin B B. Cortisol C C. Thyroxine D D. Oxytocin

42-Adrenocortical steroids hormones are synthesized from

A A- cholesterol B B- amino acids C C- Glucose D D- Insulin

43- The adrenal cortex synthesis all of the following EXCEPT

A A- Mineralcorticoids B B- Glucocorticoids C C- Androgens D D- Epinephrine

44-Which of the following disease is due to increase cortisol secrtion

A A- Cushing syndrome B B- Conn's syndrome C C- Addsions syndrome D D- Acromegally

45- Normal menstrual cycle in human is between:

A A. 28-30 days B B. 3-4 days C C. 30-40 days D D. One calender month

46- Duration of pregnancy in human is:

A A. Nine calender months B B. Ten lunar months C C. 280 days D D. All of the above

47- Which of the following factors regulates the pituitary hormone?

A A. Releasing hormones from hypothalamus B B. Negative feedback mechanism C C. Positive feedback mechanism D D. All of the above

48- Actions of oxytocin include all the following EXCEPT:

A A. Milk injection B B. Water reabsorption C C. Facilitation of sperm transport. D D. Parturition

49- Once released ovum is viable upto:

A A. 48-72 hours B B. 5-6 hours C C. 5-6 days D vD. two weeks

50- Excess androgen secretion causes:

A A. Cushing.s syndrome B B. Anreno Genital syndrome C C. Conn's Syndrome. D D. Addison's disease.

51-Amenorrhoea is common:

A A. In menopause B B. During lactation C C. During pregnancy D D. All of the above

52- Castration means:

A A. Undesended testis B B. Absence of secondary sexual characters C C. Removal of testis D D. Removal of placenta

53-The following are the functions of oestroge EXCEPT:

A A. Proliferation of endometrium B B. Ductal growth in breast tissue C C. Alveolar growth in breast tissue D D. Growth of utering muscle during pregnancy

54- To determine the time of ovulation which of the following test is essential:

A A. Basal body temperature B B. Cervical mucous secretion C C. Secretary pattern in biopsy D D. All of the above

55- Function of human chorionic gonadotropin is for:

A A. Detecting pregnancy B B. Maintain pregnancy C C. Maintain corpus luteum D D. Induced abortion

56- Normal Sperm count is:

A A. 20-40 million sperms/ml. B B. 100-120 million sperms/ml. C C. 15-16 million/ml D D. 10-20 million/ml

57- Features of Addisson.s disease include all of the following, EXCEPT:

A A. Muscle weakness B B. Hypertension C C. Pigmentation D D. Hyponatraemia

58- In 28-day cycle, time of ovulation is best expressed as:

A A. Fourteen days before the onset of next cycle B B. Fourteen days after the onset of menses C C. All of the above D D. None of the above

59-Somatomedins are released from the liver in response to:

A A. Increased plasma growth hormone levels. B B. Increased plasma somatostatin levels. C C. Decreased plasma growth hormone levels. D D. decreased plasma somatostatin levels.

60-Which of the following hormones exhibits a marked diurnal variation in secretion?

A A. aldosterone. B B. cortisol. C C. thyroid hormone. D D. epinephrine.

61-The major factor that promotes increased secretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex is:

A A. low Na+ concentration in the extracellular fluid. B B. stress. C C. angiotensin II. D D. increased blood amino acid concentration.

62-Glucocorticoids cause all of the following EXCEPT:

A A. carbohydrate conservation. B B. protein degradation. C C. increased metabolic rate. D D. mobilization of fats for energy.

63- Ferning of the cervical mucus is due to:

A A. Oestrogen B B. Progesterone C C. LH D D.FSH

64- Which of these cells produce inhibin?

A A. Sertoli cells B B. Spermatogonis C C. Leydig cells D D. Spermatoza

65- Which of these is a natural method of contraception?

A A. Rhythem (safe period) method B B. Oral contraceptives C C. Mechanical devices D D. Spermicides

66-Which gland is not under control of the anterior pituitary gland:

A a. adrenal B b. ovaries C c. thyroid D d. parathyroid

67-Which hormone only functions in women?

A a. prolactin B b. thyroid-stimulating hormone C c. endorphins D d. luteinizing hormone

68-What is another name for the anterior pituitary gland?

A a. actodenysis B b. adenocorticotropic C c. adenohypophysis D d. hypothalamus

69. Which of these pairs is not an antagonistic pair?

A A. Insulin and glucagon B B. Parathormone and calcitonin C C. Growth horomone and adrenaline D D. all of the above

70. In primary hypothyroidism, there is,:

A A. Low thyroid hormone and low plasma TSH B B. High plasma TSH and low thyroid hormone C C. Normal plasma TSH and low thyroid hormone D D. None of the above

71- Myxoedema is due to:

A A. Subcutaneous fluid B B. Subcutaneous fat C C. Subcutaneous mucophysaceharile D D. All of the above

72-Reagarding regulation of spermatogenesis choose the correct statement:

A A-GnRH LH leyding cells spermatocyte formation B B- GnRH LH leyding cells testosterone C C. GnRH FSH leyding cells spermatocyte formation D D- GnRH FSH→sertoli cells testosterone

73-All of the followings Stimulate milk ejection EXCEPT

A A- Prolactin B B- Suckling C C- Oxytocin D D- Milk let-down reflex

74- which of the following hormones is not secreted by the placenta:

A A- Progesrtone B B-hCS (human chorionic somatomammotropin) C C-hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) D D- Dihydrotesetrone

75-Leydig cells are characterized by the following features EXCEРТ:

A a. They are located in the interstitial tissue of the testis. B b. They synthesize testosterone. C c. They contain abundant smooth surfaced endoplasmic reticulum. D d. They share in the formation of Blood-testis barrier.

76) Which of the following is the cause of the closure of epiphysis at puberty?

A A)growth hormone B b) throid hormone C c) Estrogen & testosterone D d) Insulin & thyroid hormones

77) Acromegaly?

A a) decrease growth hormone in infants B b) increase growth hormone in adults C c) decrease growth hormone in adults . D d) increase growth hormone in infants.

78) Hypothyroidism in infancy would lead to which of the following?

A a) mental retardation B b) Large long bones C c) loss of weight D d) Organomegaly, especially heart

79) All of the following associated with hyperthyroidism except?

A a) Cold intolerance B b) Increased sweating C c) increase heart rate D d) weight loss

80) Which of the following is NOT a symptom associated with hypothyroidism?

A a) Ankle swelling B b) Fatigue and achiness C c) Cold intolerance D d) Rapid weight loss

80) Which of the following is NOT a symptom associated with hypothyroidism?

A a) Ankle swelling B b) Fatigue and achiness C c) Cold intolerance D d) Rapid weight loss

80) Which of the following is NOT a symptom associated with hypothyroidism?

A a) Ankle swelling B b) Fatigue and achiness C c) Cold intolerance D d) Rapid weight loss

81) Prolonged sleeping is due to:

A A- primary hyperthyroidism B B-secondary hyperthyroidism C C-deficiency of growth hormone D D- hypothyroidism

82- All about growth hormone is correct, except:

A a- It increases protein deposition by the osteogeniccells. B b- It activates JAK2 Janus family of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases. C c- Its secretion is stimulated by starvation. D d-It has prolonged action while somatomedin C has short action .

83- Thyroid hormones deficiency:

A a- Since birth produces cretinism which is mentally normal and sexually retarded B b- Produces Increased metabolic rate C c- In an adult produces shortened reflex reaction time D d-Produces coarse skin with non-pitting edema

84- Thyrotoxicosis:

A a- May occur due to autoimmune disease in which antibodies destruct thyroidal tissue B b- Is characterized by increased energy expenditure and cold, pale, dry skin C c-Is accompanied by a rise in systolic and diastolic blood pressure D d-May be associated with exophthalmos due to antibodies against extraocular muscles.

85- Parathyroid hormone:

A A-Bindsosteoclasticreceptors to stimulate osteoclast proliferation and activity. B b-Stimulates renal tubular Ca2+ reabsorption in exchange with Mg2+excretion C c- Increases intestinal absorption of Ca2+independent on 1J 25 (OHh03 D d. Rapid phase of action involves pumping of Ca2+ from bone to extracellular fluid

86- Which of the following is the cause of the closure of epiphysis at puberty?

A a) growth hormone B b) throid hormone C c) Estrogen & testosterone D d) Insulin & thyroid hormones

87- Acromegaly?

A a) decrease growth hormone in infants B b) decrease growth hormone in adults C c) increase growth hormone in adults D d) increase growth hormone in infants

88- Hypothyroidism in infancy would lead to which of the following?

A a) loss of weight B b) Large long bones C c) mental retardation D d) Organomegaly, especially heart

89- All of the following associated with hyperthyroidism except?

A a) increase heart rate B b) Increased sweating C c) Cold intolerance D d) weight loss

90- Which of the following is NOT a symptom associated with hypothyroidism?

A a) Ankle swelling B b) Fatigue and achiness C c) Rapid weight loss D d) Cold intolerance

91- Prolonged sleeping is due to:

A A-primary hyperthyroidism B B-secondary hyperthyroidism C C-hypothyroidism D D-deficiency of growth hormone

92-Parathyroid hormone

A A. increase phosphate level in blood B B. Increases magnesium level in blood C C. increase Ca level in blood D D. decrease Ca level in blood

93- Hypothalamic releasing hormones:

A a- Regulate the release of oxytocin b- Pass down nerve axons to reach the pituitary gland B c-Regulate the release of thyroid stimulating hormone C d-Regulate the release of somatostatin D e-Pass through systemic circulation to reach pituitary

94- Panhypopituitarism:

A a- Is accompanied by severe gain of body weight B b- Produces a state of increased-body energy expenditure and anernia C c-Manifests with amenorrhea and sterility in females D d-Patients have dry skin with increased pigmentation

95-Thyroxine:

A a- Is liberated from thyroglobulin by action of peroxidase enzyme inside the follicles B b- Acts on nuclear receptors only which produce its genomic and non genomic actions C c- Increases the body needs for vitamins D d-Acts more rapidly than T3

96- Vitamin D:

A a- Stimulates osteoblastic activity in the presence of a low Ca2+and P04- b- Requires the liver for formation of 1, hydroxycholecalciferol(1-HCC) B c-Stimulates the formation of calbindinD in the intestine C d- Cannot be synthesized in the body D e- Is converted to the more active form 24, 2S-0HCC by action of convertaseenzyme

97- Regarding conn's syndrome symptoms choose the correct statement:

A A- Hyponatrima B B- Hyperkalemia C C- Low blood purser D E- its due to increase aldestron secretion

98-Which of the following doesn't stimulate Glucocorticoids synthesis and secretion:

A A- ACTH B B- CRH C C- Inflammation D D- Stress

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