Quiz: Physiology

1. All of the followings are correct about Satiety Center except:

A a. is always active. B b. Destruction of satiety center leads to hyperphagia C c. Satiety center inhibit food intake by temporary inhibition of feeding center after food intake. D c. Satiety center inhibit food intake by temporary inhibition of feeding center after food intake.

2. It is wrong to say:

A a. A-Leptin is a peptide secreted by adipocytes B b. B. It plays an important role in controlling the food intake and adipose tissue volume C c. When the volume of adipose tissues decreases, adipocytes secrete a large quantity leptin into the blood. D d. D- Leptin inhibits the feeding center, resulting in loss of appetite and stoppage of food intake.

3. All of these hormones inhibit the food intake except

A a. Somatostatin B b. Oxytocin C c. Ghrelin D d. Pancreatic polypeptide

4. -Dental caries is caused by over intake of:

A a. sugary foods B b. B-Vegetables C c. C-Meat D d. D-Vitamins

5. All Those are common nutritional health problems affecting school aged childrer Except:

A a. Anemia B c. Dental caries C b. Obesity D d. Hypertension

6. Dyslexia is associated with the nutritional deficiency of:

A a. Essential fatty acids B b. Calcium C c. Vitamin A D d. Amino acids

7. BMR increased in

A a. Hypothermia B b. Hypopituitrism C c. Hypothyroidism D e. Hyperthyroidism

8. Which of two hormones act on the hypothalamus to increase satiety and hunger, respectively?

A A- Leptin and insulin B B- Insulin and leptin C C- Leptin and ghrelin D D- Ghrelin and leptin

9. A 15 years old girl was admitted to hospital because of prolonged weight loss. On admission her weight was 35 Kg and her Height was 155 cm. When she was asked, she said that her hair began to fall, her skin became dry, she felt very depressed. In this case BMI:

A A- 4.42 kg/m2. B B- 22 kg/m2. C C- 14.56 kg/m2. D D- 125 kg/m2. E-190 kg/m2.

10.It is wrong to say:

A A- Food intake is directly proportional to body temperature. B B- Leptin is secreted by adipocytes (cells of adipose tissue) . C C- Ghrelin is secreted in stomach during fasting. D D- Leptin acts through Neuropeptide Y

11.BMR decreased in

A A- Fever B B- Hyperpituitarism C C- Polycythemia D D- Fasting

12.Daily requirement of protein for school teen aged children is:

A A- 10 g/day B B- 500 mg/d C C- 45-50 g/d D D- 150 g/d

13.Leptin and Ghrelin respectively. *

A a. increases appetite/reduces appetite B b. increases energy expenditure/ reduces energy expenditure C c. Stimulates of neuropeptide Y/ inhibits of of neuropeptide Y D d. B and C

14.Which of these statements about leptin is false?

A a. It is secreted by adipocytes. B b. It increases the energy expenditure of the body. C c. It stimulates the release of neuropeptide Y in the hypothalamus. D d. It promotes feelings of satiety, decreasing food intake.

15.Amygdolid is important in

A a. Animal searching for food when it is hungry. B b. Choice of food and the mechanical actions of eating. C c. Mechanics of eating D d. Increase of appetite

16.Insulin in food regulation

A a. acts on beta cells of pancreas B b. acts centrally C c. increases appetite and reduces energy expenditure D d. has strong action than leptin

17.All the followings are inhibitors to food intake EXCEPT

A a. Cholecystokinin and peptide YY B b. neuropeptide Y and low blood amino acid level C c. Po-opiomelanocortin and melanocyte stimulating hormone D d. dopamine and amphetamines

About the energy balance:

A (A) In normal adults, the energy intake is greater than the energy output. B (B) During growth, the energy intake is equal to the energy output. C (C.) With a negative energy balance, there is loss of the body weight. D (D) In obesity. There is increased protein content of the body.

Most of the energy released from catabolic processes:

A (A) Appears as thermal (heat) energy. B (B) Is stored as high energy phosphate bonds. C (C.) Is used by the kidneys to perform osmotic work. D (D) Is used for building new protoplasm.

The physical heat value of :

A (A) Food is measured by the respirometer. B (B) Carbohydrate is equal to its physiological heat value. C (C.) Protein is 9.3 Kcal /gm. D (D) Fat is 5.3 Kcal /gm.

The metabolism of 10 gm protein inside the body would produce:

A (A) 53 Kcal. B (B) 93 Kcal. C (C.) 410 Kcal. D (D) 41 Kcal.

A respiratory quotient above one occurs in all the following cases except:

A (A) Hyperventilation. B (B) Muscular exercise. C (C.) Fevers and acidosis. D (E.) Gluconcogenesis using fat as a substrate to be converted into glucose.

The respiratory quotient (R.Q.):

A (A) Is the ratio of the volume of O2 consumed to that of CO: produced. B (B) Rises in the second week of starvation. C (C.) Is 0.7 when glucose is the metabolized substrate. D (D) Is about 1 in the brain.

The excess R.Q.:

A (A) Is the R.Q. determined during sleep. B (B) Indicates the fuel used during a certain exercise. C (C.) Determination requires estimation of the O2 consumption and CO2 production during the recovery period only. D (D) Is about 1 in a prolonged exercise and 0.7 in short exercises.

About the BMR, all the following is true except:

A (A) It is expressed in Kcal /square meter/hour. B (B) Normally, it is about 40 Kcal in young adult males. C (C.) It represents the energy expenditure needed for activity of the vital organs. D (E.) It is measured immediately after dinner at an atmospheric temp. about 10 °C

The energy equivalent of oxygen is :

A (A) The amount of heat (Kcal) produced when one litre of O2 is consumed. B (B) Used for estimation of the metabolic rate by direct calorimetry. C (C.) About 5 Kcal /L in case of fats and 4.7 Kcal /L in case of carbohydrates. D (D) About 4.8 Kcal /L in case of proteins and 4.6 Kcal /L in the post-absorptive state.

About the oxygen debt, all the following is true except:

A (A) It occurs due to an inadequate supply of O2 to the muscles during exercise. B (B) It is paid during the postexercise recovery period. C (C.) It is used for oxidation of lactic acid and resynthesis of ATP and CP. D (d.) The time required to pay an O, debt is related to the duration of the exercise

About the specific dynamic action (SDA), all the following is true except:

A It is an increase in the metabolic rate after food intake. B The SDA of proteins is about 30% and is due mainly to its metabolism in the liver. C It is generally due to the work done during digestion and absorption of food. D Normally, it is about 6 % for carbohydrates and 4 % for fats.

On exposure to cold:

A The muscle tone increases and shivering may occur. B There is excessive secretion of catecholamines. C The sympathetic N.S. is activated causing cutaneous V.C. and piloerection. D All of the above.

The only heat loss mechanism that can occur in all environmental temperatures is:

A Radiation B Evaporation C Conduction D Convection

At an environmental temperature 38 °C and humidity 20%, heat loss occurs by:

A Conduction B Radiation C Convection D Evaporation

When the body temp. is lower than the atmospheric temp, heat loss occurs by:

A Radiation B Conduction C Convection D None of the above

When the atmospheric temp. is 15 °C, heat loss occurs by:

A Radiation and conduction. B Increased urination and defecation. C Evaporation of sweat. D Increased respiration.

On exposure to a hot humid atmosphere:

A Sweat secretion is inhibited. B V.D. occurs in the skin blood vessels. C Sweat evaporation increases. D Na+ is retained in the body

Heat stroke (hyperthermia) is primarily caused by:

A Excessive heat gain by conduction. B Excessive heat production in the body. C Inability to evaporate sweat due to excessive humidity. D Inability to lose heat by radiation and other non-evaporative mechanisms.

Elevation of the body temperature to dangerous levels (hyperpyrexia):

A Is often produced as a result of excessive heat production. B Is mainly due to irregularity of the central thermoregulatory mechanisms and development of vicious circles. C Is fatal if the body temperature rises 3 °C above the normal set point. D Leads to death mainly due to renal failure and liver damage.

About the sweat glands:

A They are 5 types. B The apocrine glands are responsible for temperature regulation. C The eccrine glands secrete a hypertonic solution. D The secretion of the eccrine glands can be blocked by atropine.

About the endogenous pyrogen, all the following is true except:

A It is a protein produced by monocytes and macrophages that causes fever. B It is released by the effect of endotoxins released from pathogenic bacteria. C It resets the hypothalamic thermostat to a higher set point than normal. D It acts by increasing the local release of histamine in the hypothalamus.

Which of the following statements is wrong?

A The endogenous pyrogen causes fever accompanied by a subjective cold sensation. B Aspirin produces an antipyretic effect by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis. C Fever is sometimes beneficial. D Hyperpyrexia is dangerous because it leads to heart failure.

Concerning sweat, all the following is true except:

A The sweat secretion centre is located in the anterior hypothalamic nuclei. B Its secretion starts at an atmospheric temperature of about 32 -34 °C. C It is an effective evaporative heat loss mechanism. D Its evaporation occurs only in humid climates.

All the following statements are true except:

A Miner’s cramps can be treated by giving salt tablets. B The heat-loss centre is located in the anterior hypothalamic nuclei and it produces temp. antirise responses mainly via physical processes. C The heat-gain centre is located in the posterior hypothalamic nuclei and it produces temp. antidrop responses mainly via chemical processes. D The heat-loss centre is stimulated in cold weather while the heat-gain centre is stimulated in hot weather.

About the body temperature:

A Its regulation is given the priority in homeostasis. B In very hot environments, it can be efficiently unaltered by wetting the skin by cold water. C Evaporation of one ml of sweat leads to heat loss of about 0.6 Kcal. D All of the above are true.

After several hours of fasting:

A The blood glucose level drops below the fasting level. B The brain metabolism is decreased by 30-50%. C Fainting usually occurs. D The blood glucagon and cortisol levels are elevated.

Ingestion of protein meals:

A Causes a marked increase in the metabolic rate. B Is preferable in hot climates. C Leads to decreased urea formation in the liver. D Decreases the synthesis of essential amino acids in the liver.

After one week of starvation:

A The respiratory quotient becomes about 1. B The blood glucose level is much decreased below the fasting level. C The urine contains an excessive amount of NH3 and its pH drops. D The main source of energy is the liver glycogen.

It is false that during starvation:

A There is lipaemia and ketosis. B The amount of the alkali reserve is decreased. C The plasma protein concentration decreases. D The blood volume remains constant.

During starvation:

A The body gets energy first from carbohydrates then from fat and finally from proteins. B Protein catabolism is unavoidable from the start. C Signs of vitamin deficiency and acidosis develop as starvation advances. D All of the above is true.

About obesity, all the following is true except:

A It is the commonest nutritional disorder. B It is associated with a fall in the body’s specific gravity. C It is produced by deposition of excess protein in the body. D It occurs as a result of +ve energy balance often due to hyperphagia.

Concerning the appetite, all the following is true except:

A It is affected by certain hypothalamic arcas. B It is completely lost after gastrectomy. C It is reduced if the stomach is over distended. D It increases as the blood glucose level falls.

Which of the following statements is true?

A The metabolic rate can be estimated if the R.Q. and O2 consumption are known. B One gram of protein gives the same amount of energy whether it is oxidized in a bomb calorimeter or metabolized inside the body. C The specific dynamic action persists for about 2 days after food ingestion. D The nitrogen balance is more negative in early than in late starvation.

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