Quiz: Exams 2023

The most common salivary gland tumor is

A A. Acinic cell tumor B B. Adenocarcinoma C C. Pleomorphic adenoma D D.Adenoid cystic carcinoma

Barrett's esophagus predisposes to development of

A A.Reflux esophagitis B B.Esophagcal varices C C.Squamous cell carcinoma D D. Adenocarcinoma

What is the characteristic appearance of a classic peptic ulcer?

A A. Flat and smooth B B. Raised and irregular. C C. Punched-out with smooth and clean base. D D. Depressed with rough and irregular base

Complications of ulcerative colitis include the followings EXCEPT.

A A.Esophageal varices B B.Peritonitis C C.Amyloidosis D D.Fistula

Following congenital anomalies of the hindgut are true except:

A A.Recto-vesical fistula in male B B. Imperforate anus:persistence anal membrane C C.Rectal atresia, thick septum separates rectum from anal canal D D. Congenital megacolon (Hirschsprung disease); absence of sympathetic ganglia from wall of colon.

Regarding the caecum,one statement is WRONG:

A A.Lies in the right iliac fossa B B.Supplied by branches of right colic artery C C.lleocecal valve has little or no part in prevention of reflux of cecal contents into ileum D D.Its posterior surface is related to iliacus musele

The portal vein is formed by union of. or with splenic vein............

A A.Inferior mesenteric vein-behind inferior vena cava B B.Inferior mesenteric vein-behind neck of pancreas C C.Superior mesenteric vein-behind abdominal aorta D D.Superior mesenteric vein-behind neck of pancreas

In the right free margin of lesser omentum which of the following arteries is anterior to portal vein

A A. Gastroduodenal B B.Hepatic C C.Right gastroepiploic D D. Superior pancreaticoduodenal

The hepatopancreatic duct opens into

A A.Posterolateral aspect of 2nd part of duodenum B B.Posterolateral aspect of 3rd part of duodenum C C. Posteromedial aspect of 2nd part of duodenum D D.Posteromedial aspect of 3rd part of duodenum

The liver bile ducts are lined with

A A.lto cells B B.Kupffer cells C C.Endothelial cells D D.Cholangiocytes

As regard hepatocytes, which is wrong?

A A. They have rounded vesicular nuclei B B. They have microvilli facing hepatic sinusoids C C.They have basophilic cytoplasm D D. They are rich in sER and mitochondria

For human lips, all are true EXCEPT

A A. Formed of orbicularis oris muscle B B. The red margin is a transition zone C C. The outer surface is thin skin D D. The inner surface is covered by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Peyer's patches are present in

A A. Mucosa then sub-mucosa of duodenum B B. Sub-mucosa then mucosa of duodenum C C.Mucosa then sub-mucosa of ileum D D.Sub-mucosa then mucosa of ileum

The following antibiotics are used to kill H pylori bacteria in case of peptic ulcer

A A.Metronidazole B B.clarithromycin C C.amoxicillin D D.a+b+c

The most effective antiemetic drug used for management of chemotherapy- induced vomiting is

A A.Metoclopramide B B.Ondansetron C C.Atropine D D.Scopolamine

Most common cause of non-variceal upper git bleeding is

A A. Angiodysplasia B B.Gastric cancer C C.Peptic ulcer D D.Mallory wiss syndrome

The initial test in a patient with cholestasis should be

A A.iron stores B B. Liver ultrasound C C.HBsAg D D

The most important cause of jaundice with abdominal pain is

A A.Calcular cholecystitis B B.Chronic liver disease C C.Renal failure D D.Hemolytic jaundice

Investigation of obstructive jaundice are the following except

A A.Abdominal ultra sound B B. Bilirubin C C.Liver enzyme D D. Albumin/creatinine ratio

Malabsorption and atrophy of the villi may be caused by the following

A A.Dracunculus medinensis B B. Capillaria philippinensis C C.Loa loa D D.Enterobius vermicularis

Hepatic hydatid cyst can be diagnosed by

A A.Stool analysis B B.CT abdomen C C. Cerebrospinal fluid examination D D.Chest X-ray

The rhabditiform larva of Strongyloides stercoralis can detected in

A A.Stool B B. Sputum C C.Urine D D. CSF

Visceral larva migrans is caused by invasion of the skin by Larvae of

A A.Dipterous flies B B.Toxocara canis C C.Ancylostoma caninum D D. Hymenolepis nana

Which Hepatitis is transmitted Faeco-orally?

A A.Hepatitis A,E B B. Hepatitis B and C C C.Hepatitis C and D D D.Hepatitis G

What is urban yellow fever?

A A. Part of a cycle of mosquitoes biting humans in cities B B.A mutant of the Yellow fever virus C C.Part of a cycle of mosquitoes biting humans and monkeys in forested areas D D.A Yellow fever species that has adapted to new mosquitoes

Urea breath test used for diagnosis of

A A-Helicobacter Pylori infection B B-Campylobacter jejuni infection C C-Salmonella typhi infection D D-Listeria monocytogenes infection

Each of the following organisms is a recognized cause of gastro-enteritis except:

A A. Vibrio cholerae B B.Enterococcus faecalis C C. Escherichia coli D D. Clostridium difficile

Which one of the following enzymes is activated through an antocatalytic process?

A A. Enteropeptidase B B. Trypsinogen C C.Pepsinogen D D. Aminopeptidase

All of the nitrogen-containing compounds of the humanbody are synthesized from amino acids. Which one of the following statements about amino acid degradation is correct?

A A. Amino acid carbons can be stored only as glycogen B B. The liver is the only site of amino acid oxidation C C. The nitrogen of oxidized branched-chain amino acids must travel to the liver for disposal D D. The nitrogen of amino acids is always excreted as urea

Which one of the following foods is highest in the vitamin needed to form the required cofactor of transamination reactions?

A A.Eggs B B.Dairy products C C. Citrus fruits D D. Dark-green leafy vegetables

Which one of the following is a major difference between patients with diabetes mellitus types 1 and 2？

A A. In type 1, insulin levels are very low and insulin resistance is high B B. In type 2, insulin levels are very low and insulin resistance is high C C. In both types, the patient is usually at or below ideal body weight.D.In type 1 D D.peptide levels are very low

During esophageal phase of swallowing

A A.Respiration isstopped B B.Lower esophageal sphincter is relaxed C C.The glottis is closed D D.Nose is closed by soft palate

Saliva is responsible for all EXCEPT

A A. Helps in deglutition B B.Prevents dental caries C C.Is essential for complete digestion of starch D D.Prevents decalcification of the teeth

In the stomach

A A. pH rarely falls below 4.0. B B.Pepsinogen is converted to pepsin by hydrochloric acid C C. Ferrous iron is reduced to ferric iron by hydrochloric acid D D. Acid secretion is inhibited by Penta gastrin

Gastrin secretion is increased by

A A.Acid in the lumen of stomach B B. Distension of stomach C C.Increased circulating levels of secretin D D. Vagotomy

Regarding midgut loop, one statement is CORRECT

A A. Caecal rudiment arises at the cranial limb B B. During the development, the caecum is subhepatic then it descends C C.Left colic flexure is a derivative of the loop D D. The loop is supplied by inferior mesenteric artery

One of the following areas of the liver is covered by peritoneum

A A.Bare area B B. Fossa for gall bladder C C.Gastic impression D D.Groove for inferior vena cava

One of the following structures NOT shares in the stomach bed

A A.Left colic flexure B B.Left kidney C C.Pancreas D D.Spleen

Regarding development of hindgut, one statements is CORRECT

A A.Anal canal is completely endodermal in origin B B.Failure of rupture of anal membrane leads to imperforate anus C C.Lower part of anal canal is a mesodermal pit called proctodeum D D. Upper part of anal canal develops from cloaca

One of the following structures NOT lies within the parotid gland

A A.External carotid artery B B.Facial artery C C.Facial nerve D D. parotid lymph nodes

Rotation of the stomach leads to the following results, EXCEPT

A A. The ventral border becomes right border B B. The dorsal border becomes left border C c. the right surface becomes posterior surface D D. The dorsal mesogastrium becomes the lesser omentum

Regarding the duodenum, select the CORRECT answer

A A.It is supplied by both coeliac & superior mesenteric arteries B B. It surrounds head & neck of pancreas C c. Its 1 part is the longest one D D.Its 2nd part extends from L2-L4

Regarding the intestine, select the CORRECT answer

A A.Anal canal is continuous with the rectum opposite tip of coccyx B B.Descending colon joins transverse colon at the hepatic flexure C C.Mesenteric fat is less dense in the ileum D D. The jejunum is the longest part of small intestine

About Swallowing is a reflex which of the following is NOT true

A a) Has its reflex centres in the cervical segments of the spinal cord B b) Includes inhibition of respiration C c) Is initiated by a voluntary act D d) Is dependent on intrinsic nerve networks in the oesophagus

In the stomach

A a) pH rarely falls below 4.0 B b) Pepsinogen is converted to pepsin by hydrochloric acid C c)Ferrous iron is reduced to ferric iron by hydrochloric acid. D d) Acid secretion is inhibited by pentagastrin

Uncinate process of pancreas is crossed anteriorly by

A A. Abdominal aorta B B.Common bile duct C C.Inferior mesenteric vessels D D.Superior mesenteric vessels

Concerning development of the lips & palate, one is CORRECT

A A. Median cleft upper lipis failure of philtrum formation B B.Palatine processes of maxilla fuse in posteroanterior direction C C.Primary palate is an anterior extension of secondary palate D D. Secondary palate develops from maxillary processes of palatine bone

The normally innervated stomach all the following are true EXCEPT

A a) Is stimulated to secrete gastric juice when food is chewed, even if it is not swallowed B b) Cannot secrete HCI when its H1 histamine receptors are blocked. C c) And the denervated stomach can secrete gastric juice after a meal is ingested D d) Empties more quickly than the denervated stomach

Vomiting

A a) Is caused by violent rhythmic contractions of gut smooth muscle B b)ls coordinated by a vomiting centre in the mid brain C c)Of green fluid suggests that duodenal contents are decreased D d) Is occurring by forced expiratory efforts by skeletal muscles in the presence of a closed glottis and pylorus are responsible for compressing the stomach

The stomach

A a) Is responsible for absorbing about 10 per cent of the ingested food B b) Carbonic anhydrase absent in its mucosal cells C c) Peristaltic contractions start from the pyloric region D d) Relaxes when food is ingested, this 'receptive relaxation' allows the stomach to store large volumes of food without discomfort

The bile salts are

A a-hydrophobic B b-synthesized in the gut C c-hydrophilic D d-convert dietary fat to suspension

About Secretion of gastric juice which of the following is NOT true

A a) Increases when food stimulates mucosal cells in the pyloric region. B b) Is associated with a decrease in the pH of venous blood as bicarbonate enters the circulation in the 'alkaline tide C c) In response to food is reduced after vagotomy D d) Is not essential for protein digestion

Secretion of saliva decreases when

A a) Touch receptors in the mouth are stimulated B b) The mouth is flushed with acid fluids with a pH of about 4. C c)Dehydration occurs D d) Vomiting is imminent

Saliva is necessary for the following except

A a) swallowing solids is difficult without saliva B b)Normal speec C c) Antisepsis in the mouth D d) Taste sensation

About Gastric juice all the following are true EXCEPT

A a) Is secreted when the vagus nerves are stimulated B b) After vagotomy, food must enter the stomach to stimulate gastric secretions C c) Inactivates the digestive enzymes secreted with saliva D d) Does not digest the gastric mucosa because it is protected by a pepsin inactivator

Peptic ulcer pain is typically relieved by all the following EXCEPT

A a) Raising the pH of the fluid bathing the ulcer B b) Oral administration of sodium bicarbonate.. C c) Oral administration of a non-absorbable antacid D d) A drug which interferes with the action of acetylcholinesterase

Lingual and gastric lipases preferentially hydrolyze fatty acids containing

A a-10-12 carbon atoms B b-16-18 carbon atoms C c-18-20 carbon atoms D d-20-22 carbon atoms

The main route for digestion of triacylglycerols involves

A a-hydrolysis to fatty acids B b-hydrolysis to fatty acids and glycerols C c-hydrolysis to fatty acids and 1-monoacylglycerol D d-hydrolysis to fatty acids and 2-monoacylglycerol

The following are polysaccharides except

A a-Starch B b-glycogen C c-cellulose D d-sucrose

About carbohydrate metabolism

A a-Glucose is not the universal fuel for human cells B b-The major source of carbohydrates is found in fruits only C c-Carbohydrates are not essential to the diet D d-the body can synthesize necessary carbohydrates through glycogenolysis

Amylase hydrolyzes starch into the following except

A a-maltose B b-glucose C c-isomaltose D d-maltotriose

The following is antacid may produce constipation

A a) Ranitidine B b) Cimetidine C c) omeprazole D d) hydroxideAllumonium

Metronidazole is used in treatment of

A a) Trichomonas vaginitis B b) Pneumonia C c) Typhoid fever D d) Influenza

The most effective antiemetic drug used for management of chemotherapy induced vomiting is

A a) metoclopramide B b) ondansetron C c) atropine D d) scopolamine

Which Hepatitis are transmitted Faeco-Orally

A a) Hepatitis A.E B b) Hepatitis B and C C c) Hepatitis C and D D d) Hepatitis G

Which of the following statement regarding Hepatitis B Immune globulin(HBIG)is not correct

A a) Hlepatitis B Immune globulin (HBIG) contains high titer of HBSAb B b)b.HBIG is prepared from sera of patients who are recovered from hepatitis B C c)c.HBIG is used to provide immediate, passive protection to individuals D d) HBIG gives active immunity after repeated injections

The incubation period of Salmonella food poising is

A a) 1-8 hours B b) 12-48 hours C c) 18-24 hours D d) 10-30 hours

The most common cause of peptic ulcer is

A a) H.pylori infection B b) Smoking C c) NSAID drugs D d) Bleeding

As regarding ulcerative colitis disease, one of the following is wrong

A a) Affects caecum and ileum mainly B b) Complicated by colonic carcinoma C c)Causing bleeding per rectum D d) Showed cryptitis and crypt abscess

The most common malignant salivary gland tumor in is

A a) Acinic cell tumour B b) Adenocarcinoma C c)Warthin's Tumor D d) Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

Chronic hepatitis does NOT occur in case of infection by

A a) Hepatitis A B b) Hepatitis B C c) Hepatitis C D d) Hepatitis D

Cirrhosis is NOT

A a) chronic liver disease of progressive nature B b) A reversible condition C c) Charactrized by degeneration and regeneration of the liver cells D d) Charactrized by loss of the normal hepatic architecture

The most common tumour of the liver is

A a) Liver cell adcnoma B b.Hebato cellular carcinoma C c)Hepatoblastoma D d) Metastatic tumors

The following parasite can be complicated by rectal prolapse

A a) Trichuris trichura B b) Ascaris lumbricoides C c) Ancylostama duodenale D d) Strongyloides stercoralis

visceral larva migrans is caused by invasion of the skin by Larvae of

A a) Dipterous flies B b) Toxocara canis C c) Ancylostoma caninum D d) Hymenolepis nana

About Saliva which of the following is true

A a) The different salivary glands have n different composition. B b)Contains enzymes essential for the digestion of carbohydrates C c)Has less than half the ionic caleium level of plasma D d)Has a pH between 5 and 6

About Swallowing is a reflex which of the following is false

A a) Hus its reflex centers in the cervical segments of the spinal cord. B b) Includes inhibition of respiration C c) Is initiated by u voluntary act D d) Is dependent on intrinsic nerve networks in the oesophagus

The stomach

A a) Is responsible for ubsorbing about 10 per cent of the ingested food B b) Contains mucosal cells containing high concentrations of carbonic anhydrase C c) Peristaltic contractions start from the pyloric region D d)Motility increases when fat enters the duodenum

Vomiting

A a)ls caused by violent rhythmic contractions of gut smooth muscle B b) is coordinated by a vomiting centre in the mid brain C c)Of green fluid suggests that duodenal contents have regurgitated into the stomach D d)Is more marked in low intestinal obstruction than in high intestinal obstruction

Saliva is necessary for the following except

A a) Digestion of food B b)Normal speech C c)Antisepsis in the mouth D d) Taste sensation

Gastrin secretion is increased by

A a)acid in the lumen of stomach B b) distension of stomach C c)inereased circulating levels of secretin D d) vagotomy

Which cell protects the stomach from gastric HCL?

A a. Chief cells B b.Parietal cells C c. Zymogen cells D d.Mucus cells

Columns of Morgagni are found in

A a. Duodenum B b.lleum C c. Colon D d.Anal canal

In chronic carrier of hepatitis B virus (HBV), which positive test is the most indicative of high infectivity

A a. Hepatitis B surface antigen(HbsAg) B b.Hepatitis B Core antigen (HbcAg) C c. Hepatitis B e Antigen (HbeAg) D d.Anti-HBeAg

Vaccines have been developed to protect againstwhich hepatitis virus

A a. Hepatitis A virus B b.Hepatitis B virus C c. Hepatitis C virus D d. Hepatitis A and B viruses

After people become infected by typhoid fever, they

A a. Recover completely B b. Feel fine but become carriers C c. Have S.typhi colonize their Gl tract D d.All of the above

Microscopically, chronic gastritis showed

A a. Lymphocytes & plasma cells infiltrate B b.Intestinal metaplasia C c. Dysplasia D d.Malignant cells

Which of the following has the highest pH

A a. Gastric juice B b.Pancreatic juice C c. Saliva D d. Contents of the intestinal crypts

Giardiasis may lead to

A a. Malabsorption B b. Folic acid deficiency C c. Hepatomegaly D d. Splenomegaly

Which one of the following schemes most accurately depicts the timeline of the metabolic processes of the liver after a carbohydrate meal is ingested followed by 3 hours of fasting

A a. Glycolysis, glycogen synthesis, lipolysis, glycogenolysis. Gluconeogenesis B b.Glycogen synthesis, lipolysis, glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis C c. Glycolysis, lipolysis, glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogen synthesis D d.Glycogen synthesis, glycogenolysis, lipolysis, gluconeogenensis

A person with type 1 diabetes who has neglected to lake insulin for 2 days, yet who ate normally, would exhibit elevated levels of circulating triglycerides because of which one of the following?

A a. Reduced synthesis of apolipoprotein CII B b.Reduced release of LPL from muscle and fat cells C c. Increased synthesis of LDL D d.Reduced synthesis of chylomicrons

Find out the enzyme of liver tissue participating in the detoxification of cyanides

A a. NADH- dehydrogenase B b.Cytochrome b C c. Thiosulfate transferase D d.Cytochrome c

Auerbach's plexus is found in

A a. Submucosa B b.Adventitia C c. Muscularis mucosa D d.Muscularis externa

The stomach

A a. Us responsible for absorbing about 10 percent of the ingested food B b.Contains mucousal cells containing high concentrations of carbonic anhydrase C c. Peristaltic contractions start from the pyloric region D d.Motility increase when fat enters the duodenumd. Reduced synthesis of chylomicrons

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