Quiz: Pharmacology حسن الهلالي

All the following central neurotransmitters are inhibitors except:

A a) glycine B b) GABA C c) glutamate& aspartate. D ..

2-All the following are possible mechanisms of action of general anesthetics except:

A a) Potentiation of the inhibitory effect of GABA B b) Potentiation of the inhibitory effect of glycine C c) Blocking of adenosine receptors D d) Inhibition of the excitatory glutamate receptor

3-The following potentiate the inhibitory effect of GABA, except:

A a) Many inhalational anesthetics B b) ketamine C c) barbiturates D d) benzodiazepines

-The following potentiate the inhibitory effect of glycine except:

A a) barbiturates. B b) propofol. C c) many inhalational anesthetics D d) nitrous oxide

5-The following inhibit the excitatory effect of glutamate except

A a) nitrous oxide. B b) ketamine. C c) opioids D d) barbiturates.

6-The ideal inhalational anesthetic should possess the following properties except:

A a) non irritant to the respiratory tract, non explosive, noninflammable B b) increases intracranial pressure C c ) potent; small doses are administered& not affect oxygenation D d) not react with soda lime (if used in closed system).

7-Pharmacokinetics of the inhalational anesthetics as well as induction and recovery depend on the following

A a) Concentration of the anesthetic in the inspired gas B b) Pulmonary ventilation& gaseous exchange through alveolar membrane. C c) Pulmonary and cerebral circulation D e) all of the above

8-Inhalational volatile liquids include the following except:

A a) Halothane B b) enflurane C c) isoflurane D e) nitrous oxide

9-Halothane produces the following CNS effects:-

A a) General anesthesia B b) Reduction of brain basal metabolic rate C c) increases cerebral blood flow D e) all of the above

10-Halothane should be avoided in the following condition:

A a) brain edema B b) cerebral hypertension C c) brain mass D e) all of the above

11-The following sensitizes the myocardium to catecholamines:

A a) Verapamil B b) halothane C c) ketamine D d) nitrous oxide

12- The following is characterized by inducing dissociative anaesthesia:

A a) cyclopropane B b) ethyl ether C c) ketamine D d) halothane

13- Adrenaline is contraindicated in patients receiving:

A a) diazepam B b) thiopental C c) halothane D d) morphine

14-Respiratory effects of halothane include the following except:

A a) bronchodilatation B b) bronchoconstriction C c) depression of respiratory center and decreased tidal volume. D d) decrease the ventilatory response to hypoxia.

15-Cardiovascular effects of halothane include the following:

A a) Reduction of COP, reduction of blood pressure, decrease of heart rate. B b) decreased cardiac oxygen consumption C c) Halothane sensitizes the myocardium to the effect of catecholamines D d) all of the above

16-Halothane is contraindicated in the following:

A a) patients with pheochromocytoma B b) patients with cardiac diseases. C c) conditions associated with sympathetic system stimulation D d) all of the above

17-Regarding to the uterine effects of halothane the following is true

A a) it is a potent uterine smooth muscle relaxant. B b) it leads to prolongation of labor. C c) it increases postpartal blood loss D d) all of the above

18-Enflurane produces the following effect:

A a) Respiratory depression, more thanhalothane. B b) Reduction of blood pressure. C c) increases cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure. D d) all of the above

19-The following are adverse effects of enflurane except:19-The following are adverse effects of enflurane except:

A a) it may precipitate seizures in some patients. B b) Uterine bleeding and prolongation of normal labor. C c) Postoperative arrhythmias, shivering, nausea and vomiting may occur. D d) non of the above

20-Enflurane is contraindicated in the following:

A a) Patients with history of seizures e.g.epilepsy&other convulsive diseases B b) in conditions at risk of the increased intracranial pressure e.g. brain C c) During labor either normal or c. section and abortion (its potent uterine relaxant effect may lead to prolongation of labor and uterine bleeding). D d) all of the above

21-Regarding to isoflurane, the following is true:

A a) isoflurane produces rapid induction and rapid recovery B b) isoflurane is preferred in neurosurgery C c) isoflurane is safer in patients with myocardial ischemia. D d) all of the above

22-The following is adverse effect of isoflurane:

A a) Reduction of blood pressure, mild increased of heart rate. B b) Rapid changes of its concentration can stimulate sympathetic system. C c) Respiratory depression, slight respiratory irritation, coughing, laryngeospasm and increased secretions. D d) all of the above

23-Regarding to desflurane the following is true:

A a) Desflurane is non inflammable and non explosive B b) desflurane is used in outpatient surgery due to rapid recovery C c) desflurane increases cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure. D d) all of the above

24-Regarding to desflurane the following is true:

A a) desflurane produces respiratory depression. B b) desflurane produces reduction of COP, vasodilatation and hypotension. C c) short lived post anesthetic cognitive& motor impairment may occur. D d) all of the above

25-Regarding to sevoflurane the following is true:

A a) non inflammable, non explosive, non respiratory irritant& non hepatotoxic. B b) sevoflurane interacts with soda lime leading to nephrotoxic compounds and should not be administered by the closed system. C c) It is preferred for outpatients surgery due its rapid recovery D d) all of the above

26-Regarding to sevoflurane the following is false:

A a) sevoflurane does not produce tachycardia& it is preferred in patients with myocardial ischemia. B b) sevoflurane produces bronchodilatation and preferred in asthmatics. C c) sevoflurane produces skeletal muscle relaxation. D e) non of the above

27-Regarding to sevoflurane the following is true:

A a) sevoflurane decreases COP and blood pressure. B b) sevoflurane decreases respiratory rate& increases blood CO2 tension C c) sevoflurane increases intracranial pressure (prevented by ventilation D d) all of the above

28-Regarding to nitrous oxide the following are true except;

A a) nitrous oxide is non irritant gas to the respiratory tract. B b) nitrous oxide is non flammable and non explosive. C c) nitrous oxide is soluble in blood D d) nitrous oxide is a weak anesthetic but it is a potent analgesic.

29-Regarding to nitrous oxide the following is true:

A a) nitrous oxide produces light anesthesia. B b) nitrous oxide should be mixed with oxygen C c) nitrous oxide is not preferred in patients with pulmonary hypertension D e) all of the above.

30-Nitrous oxide is contraindicated in patients with air-containing cavities:

A a) true B b) false C .. D ..

31-Nitrous oxide is contraindicated in:

A a) pneumothorax and pulmonary bulla B b) intraocular& intracranial air bubble. C d) pulmonary hypertension. D e) all of the above.

32-Nitrous oxide prolonged use or exposure, may produce megaloblastic anemia.

A a) true B b) false C .. D ..

33-Nitrous oxide is not toxic on brain, liver, CVS, renal and respiratory system

A a) true B b) false C .. D ..

34-Nitrous oxide does not induce malignant hyperthermia.

A a) true B b) false C .. D ..

35-The following are intravenous anesthetics except

A a) thiopentone B b) propofol. C c) etomidate. D d) desflurane

36-Regarding to ultrashort barbiturates, the following are true except:

A a) methohexitone is more potent than thiopentone. B b) Thiopentone is the most commonly used. C c) their ultrashort action is due to rapid metabolism. D d) repeated doses or prolonged infusion delays recovery.

37-Regarding to ultrashort barbiturates, the following are true except;

A a) they produces rapid induction. B b) their ultrashort action is due to rapid redistribution. C c) their prolonged infusion or repeated administration delays recovery. D e) they act by antagonizing GABA effect.

38-Regarding to ultrashort barbiturates the following are true except:

A a) they decrease cerebral metabolic rate. B b) they reduce cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure. C c) opioids or nitrous oxide are used with barbiturates as anesthetic adjuncts D e) non of the above

39-Ultrashort barbiturates reduce cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure and preferred in the following:

A a) cerebral edema and brain mass. B b) cerebral hypertension C c) risk of increased intracranial pressure. D d) All of the above.

40-Therapeutic uses of ultrashort barbiturates include the following;

A a) general anesthesia for short operations B b) induction of anesthesia C c) convulsions D d) All of the above.

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